KOSUN

标签： KOSUN

  • How to Dispose Waste in the Domestic Drilling Industry?

    At present, environmental protection is a basic state policy in China, and it has been a strategic mission and goal for our country to maintain a sustainable development of society, economy and environment. Along with the continuous improvement of environmental laws and the increasing environmental awareness among people, the departments concerned have successively enacted various environmental protection regulations to impose stringent limitations on waste discharge during well drilling and well completion.

    During the process of oil exploration and production, a large amount of waste is usually left at well sites, which is kept in sewage pits. However, the poorly treated solid waste may have a bad effect on underground water and surface water, endanger the surrounding ecological environment and even cause pollution accidents when sewage pits leak, overflow or are inundated due to rain wash during the rainy season. Therefore, it is now a very important task for oilfield enterprises to take relevant waste management techniques to fight against the harmful waste and reduce its harm to environment to the greatest extent possible.

    In recent years, although domestic onshore oil and gas regions have devoted great efforts to management of waste generated in well drilling and well completion, the techniques still remain too inefficient to dispose waste thoroughly. Nowadays, domestic and foreign waste management solutions differ greatly in technological solutions, supporting equipment and environmental investments. 

    Most domestic oilfields have been directly solidifying the waste in sewage pits after well drilling and well completion. When the waste in sewage pits falls into clear liquid and sludge by natural sedimentation under the effect of gravity, drain the upper clear liquid less than 1/3 of the total, and then directly add curing agent into the remaining sludge for solidification. Since the waste to be disposed contains much water and consumes lots of chemical agents, the solution costs much, achieves unsatisfactory results and fails to completely eliminate pollution risks.

    Facing local governmental requirements on environmental protection, domestic onshore oilfields now attach more and more importance to harmless drilling waste management and as a result, the disposal technology with solid-liquid separation as its core is applied to the drilling waste management, which replaces the out-dated direct solidification with the process integrating chemical method, solid-liquid separation and solidification method.

    Solid-liquid separation is a key link in drilling fluid treatment. The more water you eliminate from waste, the less solids you get and the less money you pay. In this way, the disposal cost will be effectively controlled and more economic benefits will be obtained. Over the years, such dewatering equipment as orifice filter press, filter belt dewatering conveyor and decanter centrifuge have been developed successively in China, facilitating the disposal of drilling waste.

    This solution proceeds as follows: natural sedimentation happens to sewage pits, free water produced by natural sedimentation undergoes routine sewage treatment, the sludge is chemically destabilized by flocculant and coagulant aid, centrifuge, filter belt dewatering conveyor or orifice filter press further separates solids and liquid, and finally the separated solids and liquid will be solidified and treated respectively. For this solution, the dewatering equipment is still on trial and yields lower efficiency for its low degree of automation.

    Therefore, high efficiency relies on both reducing waste at the source and disposing waste during drilling. By combining overseas advanced experience with domestic practical drilling conditions, Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd., as a manufacturer of oil drilling-production equipment and solids control equipment, has customized an integrated drilling waste management solution for customers.

    The solution begins with the source and consists of the following four steps: solid control equipment – dewatering/water treatment/water recycling/filtration – mud recovery – stabilization/biodegradation/thermal desorption/cuttings reinjection.

    In the process of drilling, KOSUN Solids Control System directly connects to the outlet of mud pump, performs four-stage solids control treatment on the mud, effectively recovers mud as much as possible and minimizes the waste.

    The mud treated by solids control equipment can be directly put into use, and the dewatered waste can be directly delivered by conveyor to Hi-G shale shaker and vertical cuttings dryer for further solid-liquid separation. The separated water can be recycled after being treated by purifying equipment. The waste residues become very dry after being treated by Hi-G shale shaker and vertical cuttings dryer, and can be finally disposed by means of solidification, biodegradation, thermal desorption and cuttings reinjection, by which the zero discharge of waste is achieved.

    Compared with the first two solutions, this one starts to treat waste at the source, reduces the waste discharge, enhances the efficiency and saves much drilling cost. Meantime, the full use of dewatering solution on further waste treatment effectively recovers water resource, reduces water content in waste, shrinks waste volume and protects the environment well. The goal of zero waste discharge is realized through solidification, biodegradation, thermal desorption and cuttings reinjection of the remaining waste solids. Moreover, the application of solidification in onshore drilling and cuttings reinjection in offshore drilling meets the actual requirements at drilling sites, with stronger practicability and higher efficiency.

     

  • Father Dwarf Goes 600 Miles to Xi’an Treating Cerebral Palsy Son; KOSUN Donates Actively

    READ: On August 29, it immediately caught the eyes of KOSUN’ s staff when the media reported that Fang Wenchang, the dwarf father walked 600 miles to Xi’ an on foot for treating his cerebral-palsied son whom he pushed along all the way. The staff soon voluntarily donated money for the purpose of helping the father and son.

    It immediately caught the eyes of KOSUN’s staff when the media reported on August 29 that Fang Wenchang, the dwarf father walked 600 miles to Xi’an on foot for treating his cerebral-palsied son whom he pushed along all the way. The staff soon voluntarily donated money for the purpose of helping the father and son. On September 1, several staff on behalf of all handed the donations to Fang personally.

    KOSUN’s staff, who comes to visit Longlong talks with his nurse in the Children’s Hospital, Sep 1.
    KOSUN’s staff, who comes to visit Longlong talks with his nurse in the Children’s Hospital, Sep 1.
     

    The 51-year-old Fang, only as tall as 4.5 foot, has been born and bred as a peasant in Yonghe Town, Zhengning County, Gansu. His family is almost impoverished because not only is he disabled and unable to work, but his wife and son are seriously ill as well. On August, 2013, Fang, taking the 100 RMB collected by his neighbors, embarked upon the arduous journey to Xi’an Children’s Hospital for the purpose of sending his son to see the doctor. In order to reduce the traveling expenses, he spent 20 days walking 300 km and pushing his son by a perambulator to the hospital. It was diagnosed that Longlong had contracted equines. That was why his heels were unable to touch the ground and had difficulty communicating. Selective posterior rhizotomy operation had to be done to let him back to his feet, which however, was too costly for Fang to afford.

    KOSUN’s staff hands the donated 860 RMB to Fang Changwen, Sep 1.
    KOSUN’s staff hands the donated 860 RMB to Fang Changwen, Sep 1.
     

    It caught the attention of KOSUN’ s staff immediately when the media reported about the story. On August 31, they organized a donation activity in the hope to help the Fang and Longlong get over and they collected around 860 RMB in total. The next day, several staff on behalf of the company went to Children’s Hospital and handed the donation to Fang personally.

    Touched Fang Wenchang thanks the staff many times, holding the donation in hands.
    Touched Fang Wenchang thanks the staff many times, holding the donation in hands.
     

    Though the disease is relentless, the world is still full of love. Apart from the donations given by KOSUN’ s staff, many other loving people did their bit by donating some money, too. As drops of water may form a giant river, Fang has been given donations valued as over 13,000 RMB within 6 short days by Sep 3. Longlong had the first operation yesterday morning and is now in convalescence. And it was predicted that he would soon be able to walk as normal.

     Longlong sits in the arms of the nurse. He is not so much nervous as before since he has been visited by many loving people and now is able to greet them sometimes.

    Longlong sits in the arms of the nurse. He is not so much nervous as before since he has been visited by many loving people and now is able to greet them sometimes.
     

    A wonderful world can be built up if we all contribute our bits of love, which have changed the fate of a family and a diseased child within 6 short days and also have given them a new lease of life.

     

  • KOSUN Black Rhino on Display on Shanghai CIPPE

    From 20th to 22nd August 2013, the 5th China (Shanghai) International Petroleum & Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Exhibition ( CIPPE ), as the largest petrochemical exhibition in Asia, was held in CIOOE of Shanghai. Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd. showed its newly-developed Black Rhino Brand Series products for the first time, which attracted much attention of customers at home and abroad.

    Conversation between KOSUN Business Manager and Russian Customers
    Conversation between KOSUN Business Manager and Russian Customers
     

    Black Rhino Brand Series Products are a series of solids control equipment launched by KOSUN, which mainly include shale shaker, desander, desilter, decanter centrifuge, vacuum degasser, etc. The series of products adopt the most advanced workmanship at home and abroad and undergo a variety of detections. The products possess stable quality, high purification efficiency, diversified models and black appearance, and are often equipped with green supports.

    Communication between KOSUN Business Manager and Customers
    Communication between KOSUN Business Manager and Customers
     

    The debut of Black Rhino Products on Shanghai CIPPE caught eyes of numerous domestic and foreign customers, among whom the Russian delegation expressed a strong purchase intention after visiting the products.

    A Customer is Visiting KOSUN Black Rhino Centrifuge.
    A Customer Visiting KOSUN Black Rhino Centrifuge.
     

    Shanghai CIPPE is not only the largest petrochemical exhibition in Asia, but a typical exhibition in petrochemical industry. The total area of the 5th Exhibition is up to 35,000m2, and over 450 domestic and foreign petrochemical enterprises attended the exhibition. Among these exhibitors, 18 well-known domestic enterprises include Jereh Group, Sichuan Honghua, Shanghai SK, etc. and well-known foreign enterprises include Bast, Martin Engineering, Sealtech, Bartec, etc. The exhibition also attracted many buyers at home and abroad, such as Shell, BASF-YPC, Fluor, GS Caltex, Shanghai Petrochemical, Gaoqiao Petrochemical, Qingdao Petrochemical, etc.

    Photo of KOSUN Business Manager and a Customer
    Photo of KOSUN Business Manager and a Customer
     

     

    Keywords:

    KOSUN: Founded in 1992, Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co. Ltd. ( KOSUN ) headquarters in Xi’an China, and is a manufacturer of the first generation oil drilling fluid high-frequency shale shaker and professional centrifuge, a solids control industry leader and drilling waste management expert in China. Its major business covers Chinese Mainland, CIS countries, the Middle East, North Africa and U.S.A.

    Shanghai CIPPE: China ( Shanghai ) International Petroleum & Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Exhibition ( CIPPE ) and China International Offshore Oil & Gas Exhibition ( CIOOE ) are the regular exhibitions in the international oil field. Held in Beijing every spring and in Shanghai every autumn, CIPPE has been successfully held four times and is the largest petrochemical exhibition in Asia. There were 450 well-known enterprises attending the 5th exhibition from 35 countries and regions, including U.S.A., Germany, Italy, Russia, France, Japan, Singapore, etc., and the exhibition area reached 35,000m².

    Solids control equipment: The performance and quality of solids control equipment are critical to solids control technology. The drilling fluid solids control system mainly consists of drilling fluid circulating tank, drilling fluids purification treatment equipment and electrical control equipment. The drilling fluids purification treatment equipment mainly includes shale shaker, desander, desilter, degasser, centrifuge, sand pump, agitator and mixer, etc. For environmentally sensitive areas, the cuttings recovery and waste liquid treatment equipment can be also provided.

     

  • KOSUN Black Rhino on Display at Shanghai CIPPE

    From 20th to 22nd August 2013, the 5th China ( Shanghai ) International Petroleum & Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Exhibition ( CIPPE ), as the largest petrochemical exhibition in Asia, was held in CIOOE of Shanghai. Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd. showed its newly-developed Black Rhino Brand Series products for the first time, which attracted much attention of customers at home and abroad.

     Conversation between KOSUN Business Manager and Russian Customers
    Conversation between KOSUN Business Manager and Russian Customers 

    Black Rhino Brand Series Products are a series of solids control equipment launched by KOSUN, which mainly include shale shaker, desander, desilter, decanter centrifuge, vacuum degasser, etc. The series of products adopt the most advanced workmanship at home and abroad and undergo a variety of detections. The products possess stable quality, high purification efficiency, diversified models and black appearance, and are often equipped with green supports.

    Communication between KOSUN Business Manager and Customers
    Communication between KOSUN Business Manager and Customers

    The debut of Black Rhino Products on Shanghai CIPPE caught eyes of numerous domestic and foreign customers, among whom the Russian delegation expressed a strong purchase intention after visiting the products.

    A Customer is Visiting KOSUN Black Rhino Centrifuge.
    A Customer is Visiting KOSUN Black Rhino Centrifuge.
     
    Shanghai CIPPE is not only the largest petrochemical exhibition in Asia, but a typical exhibition in petrochemical industry. The total area of the Fifth Exhibition is up to 35,000m², and over 450 domestic and foreign petrochemical enterprises attended the exhibition. Among these exhibitors, 18 well-known domestic enterprises include Jereh Group, Sichuan Honghua, Shanghai SK, etc. and well-known foreign enterprises include Bast, Martin Engineering, Sealtech, Bartec, etc. The exhibition also attracted many buyers at home and abroad, such as Shell, BASF-YPC, Fluor, GS Caltex, Shanghai Petrochemical, Gaoqiao Petrochemical, Qingdao Petrochemical, etc.
     
    Photo of KOSUN Business Manager and a Customer
    Photo of KOSUN Business Manager and a Customer
     

     

  • KOSUN Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory Completely Upgraded and Retrofitted

    READ: From 15 June to 24 July in 2013, KOSUN invested a great sum of funds into the complete upgrading and retrofitting of Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory Block in order to further its sophisticated management, to increase its corporate benefits, to strengthen its core competition and to build up KOSUN’ s international brand.

    From 15 June to 24 July in 2013, KOSUN invested a great sum of funds into the complete upgrading and retrofitting of Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory Block in order to further its sophisticated management, to increase its corporate benefits, to strengthen its core competition and to build up KOSUN’ s international brand. This transforming move mainly included the betterment of workshops, staff dormitories, staff canteen and environment of the whole factory block. Now, the newly transformed workshop, the neater working environment and the complete meticulous management have been very much praised and recognized among all the staff in company.

    Picture of workshops in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
    Picture of workshops in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
     

    Only when “strictness, meticulousness, honesty, perseverance” are well carried out, can the upgrading on sophisticated management be facilitated. Only when much importance is attached on details, can the management become effective. Only when all the details and sectors are carefully transformed, can the managerial benefits be maximized. Based on these three points, this retrofitting move should start from the tiny details. Now, the newly transformed factory block has taken on a new appearance, which is well-ordered and methodical. All the garbage is collected and managed segregatedly and all the safety signs posted. Inside the workshops, all the processed parts are put on the new wooden pallets sitting beside the lathes, and moreover a over-one-meter-high white drawing frame is installed next to each lath so that it will be more convenient for workers to read the drawing sheets.

    Picture of storehouses in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
    Picture of storehouses in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
     

    At the same time, the staff dorms were also retrofitted. New bedside table, storage box and chairs are added. Considering the difficulty the worker met while washing the clothes, some washing machines are also installed. Generally speaking, everything is displayed tidily and floor swept cleanly in the transformed dorms.

    Picture of rubbish dump in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
    Picture of rubbish dump in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
     

    What is more, staff’s board was improved, too. A list of meals is posted on the bulletin of the factory canteen, offering details of the foods provided to the workers from Mondays to Fridays. The canteen crew says to us that they will change the list every week, make sure there is meat in every meal and there are a lot of varieties. At present, though it has already early autumn, the leadership in factory still personally instructs support staff to send cooked green bean soup to workshops so that workers’ fitness is guaranteed and sunstroke prevention well done.

    Picture of dorm building in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
    Picture of dorm building in KOSUN’ s Production Plant in Jingwei Industrial Park
     

    The strengthened sophisticated management not only completed all the corporate quality control regulations, but also encouraged the responsibility and quality awareness of all levels of staff. Ever since it establishment in 1992, KOSUN has well developed for over two decades and has been a very influential brand in Chinese solids control industry during the low-profit times, which were all closely associated with its sophisticated management implemented all these years with non-stop. In the future, KOSUN will be even stricter on quality control and ever persistent in the implementation of sophisticated management. Hopefully, all the effort would mould KOSUN to a well-renowned brand in the global oil drilling solids control industry.

     

    Key words:

    1. KOSUN: KOSUN is the short version of Xi’ an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd., established in the year of 1992. Its headquarter is located in Xi’ an China. It is listed among the first group of manufacturers of oil drilling shale shakers. Besides, it is also the specialist in centrifuge production, the leading pioneer in the solids control field of China and the expert in drilling waste management. Its business primarily covers the area in Mainland China, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Middle East, South Africa and US.

     

    2. Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory: Located in Xi’ an Economic & Technological Development Zone, KOSUN Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory covers the land of 17,000 m2. It possesses the advanced design capability and mature manufacturing experience. It is able to produce all the solid-liquid-gas separation equipment like, shale shaker, centrifuge, desander, desilter, mud cleaner, liquid-gas separator, vacuum degasser, agitator and all the pumps. At the same time, it is also capable to design and manufacture Vertical Centrifuge, Hi-G Drier, Screw Conveyor and all the other drilling waste management equipment.

     

  • Efficiency Analysis on Solids Control Equipment Removing Harmful Solid Phase

    READ: It is necessary to carry out regular efficiency analysis of solids control system in drilling site in orde to improve drilling fluids properties and better manage the cost. Generally speaking, the aggregate drilling fluids consumption in a well counts 10 to 20 times the volume of a borehole.

    It is necessary to carry out regular efficiency analysis of solids control system in drilling site in orde to improve drilling fluids properties and better manage the cost. Generally speaking, the aggregate drilling fluids consumption in a well counts 10 to 20 times the volume of a borehole. That means 90% of the expenses are poured into volume and property maintenance of the additionally concocted 90% drilling fluids. However, it can give birth to remarkable economic benefits if solids control equipment is promptly adjusted to remove more “harmful solid phase”.

    The efficiency analyses conducted on different equipment show that, theoretically speaking, all of them should have been taken away, but in fact only 80-85% or even lower amount of them have been removed and 90% would have been the best. It is also shown that, by a deeper study into separation capability of various solids control equipment and size distribution in such useful solid phase as barite and harmful solid phase(low-density particles), desander and desilter are not ideal choices to treat barite-weighted drilling fluids, but the decanter centrifuge can decrease the low solid phase gradually accumulated in any type of drilling fluids.

    “Communique on Drilling Fluids Treatment Equipment” well elaborates the standard application methods and analysis approaches of various solids control equipment, for example. drilling fluids shale shaker ought to be analyzed in terms of its solids removal rate, cuttings removal rate and drilling fluids loss ratio; desander, desilter and drilling fluids decanter centrifuge ought to be analyzed in terms of solids removal percentage, low-density solid phase discharge velocity and barite discharge speed; the decanter centrifuge also need to be calculated on its barite recovery percentage, etc.

    Besides, another formula can also work on the calculation of solids control efficiency, such as, if the figures like, dilution volume per unit time, the formation volume and the max. cuttings content got from solid phase analysis are given, we can have the efficiency rate of solids control equipment.

     

  • Hazards of Solid Waste

    READ: In terms of sources, solid waste can be generally classified into such three groups as domestic waste, common industrial waste and dangerous waste. Apart from these, there are also some other solid waste, for example, agricultural solid waste, building waste and deserted soil.

    In terms of sources, solid waste can be generally classified into such three groups as domestic waste, common industrial waste and dangerous waste. Apart from these, there are also some other solid waste, for example, agricultural solid waste, building waste and deserted soil. Mountains of solid waste has exposed the whole natural environment to great hazards. However, what are the hazards brought to the overall human society ?

    Hazards on natural environment

    Usually solid waste are directly discharged into every corner of the nature, so it has exerted huge negative influence on it which human subsist on.

    Air hazards. Solid waste emits large volumes of harmful substances and volatilizes a multitude of poisonous gases, thus decreaseing air quality. Immense tiny particles and powder float along wind in atmosphere and cause contamination. Buried organic solid waste decompose into carbon dioxide and methane which travels to atmosphere and exert pressure on air quality.

    Soil hazards. The solid wastes discharged have crammed many acres of land. Buried underground, they emit harmful substances that penetrate into the soil. The soil attaches and accumulates the harmful components among soil solid phase. Consequently, they change the soil structure and components, endanger the vegetation and even infertilize the soil.

    Water hazards. Harmful substances such as waste discharged directly into rivers and oceans, stored in the open air and tiny particles floating in the air can enter into the surface water ecosystem and dissolve into harmful substance that poisons the organisms, leading to severe oxygen shortage in water, eutrophication, fish deaths and so on.

    Hazards on human society

    Hazards on human fitness. Solid waste has brought about serious pollution to natural environment and a series of hazards on air, soil and water, which however human closely depend upon. It has exposed human to hazards when harmful elements in the air are inhaled into human body. Those penetrating into soil are taken into human stomach via vegetation. Water is indispensable to human life since human intakes water on a daily basis. Accordingly, all the substances have the access into human body in a very obsure way and generated huge hazards on human fitness. Recently, the increased cancer rates also intimately correlate to the fact.

    Hazards on social environment. Discharged solid waste contributes to the chaotic phenomenon of stacked gabbage in city. It even happened that city image was seriously affected when all kinds of gabbage plastics were blown all over in the air by gust wind. Besides, the harmful substances floating in the air greatly decrease the city air quality. Everytime after you come back from an outing, you will find yourself overally covered with dust, upsetting your original good mood. Therefore, it is imperative to improve on city environment.

     

    Key words:

    KOSUN: Established in 1992 and headquartered in Xi’an, China, Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd. (KOSUN) is among the first group of manufacturers of oil drilling high-frequence shale shakers, is a specialized centrifuge producer, the pioneer in the field of solids control in China, as well as an expert in drilling waste treatment. Its business scope mainly covers China mainland, Commonwealth of Independent States, North Africa and U.S.A..

    Solids control equipment: Its performance and quality play an important role in solids control technology. Drilling solids control system mainly contains such three parts as drilling fluids circulating tank, drilling fluids purification equipment and electric control equipment, among which the drilling fluids purification equipment includes shale shaker, desander, desilter, degasser, centrifuge, centrifugal pump, agitator, mixer, etc. Cuttings recovery and waste fluids treatment equipment can also be coupled for the environmental sensitive areas.

     

  • Environmental Crisis Generated by Oil Drilling

    On March 26, “The Guardian” put a global spotlight upon a coverage, which reported that Peru which is located in Amazon forests made a sudden declaration of the environmental state of emergency in a part of its northern Amazon forest. This was due to the oil drillings operated by Argentinian Company Pluspetrol that had created highly unacceptable levels of lead, cadmium, chrome and petroleum-related compounds contamination in soil.

    This declaration was made because the checks carried out by Peru’s Environment Ministry this February and March has found overly high levels of lead, cadmium, chrome and petroleum-related compounds in the soil at different points in Pastaza valley. The drilling waste produced in the process of oil drilling can be drilling sewage, drilling fluids, drilling cuttings and dirty oil compounds. It is a kind of stable colloidal suspension, consisted of clay, weighting materials, chemical agents, sewerage, dirty oil, cuttings, etc. as well as some other harmful chemical elements like, hydrocarbon, salt, polymers, heavy-metal ions, some particles in barite, asphalt and other modifiers. All the elements concerned have been the major contaminants in oil exploration since they own such properties as high chroma, high oil content, high COD, high suspension, high salinity and so on. Every finished well in oilfield may produce a waste slurry pond. However, one oilfield is comprised by tens of thousands well which may produce tens of thousand slurry ponds, including at least hundreds of cubic meters or at most thousands of cubic meters drilling waste. Since the waste contains soluble inorganic salt contaminants, heavy metal contaminants and organic hydrocarbon contaminants, that would be an ideal solution to simply pile it up or bury it in some pits. Rain immersion and river brush could easily make it harmful to its surrounding soil, water sources, farmlands and air.

    Achuar and Kichwa indigenous people have always been living in Pastaza River basin bordered between Peru and Ecuador. They have complained about the pollution all these decades which the successive governments failed to deal with. Officials indicate that for years the state lacked the required environmental quality standards.

    Peru issued a new law on March 25 in order to complete the standards, which for the first time set out the acceptable limits of soil contaminants and has been considered a key advance. Accordingly, Peru’s Environment Ministry gave Pluspetrol 90 days to clean up the affected areas and reduce the risk of pollution to the local residents.

    As the largest oil & natural gas producer, Pluspetrol took over from Occidental Petroleum and operated Peru Oilfield in 2001, but neither party has cleaned up the pollution. Several multimillion dollar fines have been levied against Pluspetrol in recent years, including the 1.1 million dollars (6,832,000 CNY) fined for failing to clean up the oil spill in the Peru’s largest national park. Peru’s Environment Ministry says that they will further the environmental checks in other Pluspetrol oilfields.

    To protect the environment will benefit both the contemporary and the future generations. Nowadays, many countries have passed legislations based on their own scenarios for the ever-worse global environment, hopefully resorting to laws would bring about good environmental behaviors. And meanwhile, oil exploration as a high-pollution industry must also seek a new production pattern to balance environmental protection and benefits.

    Accordingly, KOSUN launched a concerned solution by the integration of domestic and foreign waste management experience and methods as well as the consideration of drilling waste production process. It would reduce at the source, i.e. purify the drilling fluids and take away the solids at the source by application of solids control system. Then dewatering of discharged waste, water treatment, water recycling and purifications would work altogether to minimize water content in waste and recycle the water. Afterwards, Hi-G Dryer and Vertical Centrifuge would continue with dewatering and solid-liquid separation to minimize waste disposal. At last, the discharged waste would be reasonably and effectively treated by means of solidification, biodegradation, thermal desorption and cuttings re-injection.

     

  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Water- and Oil-based Mud

    READ: Shale gas has a complex composition of minerals. Water easily smells clay minerals. This can hinder normal drilling, result in complicated down hole problems like collapsing wall as well as pollute drilling fluids and impact capacity in later production. Mostly due to this, oil-based mud is required.

    Shale gas has a complex composition of minerals, extending to such common ones as kaolinites, montmorillonites, illites, as well as quartzs, feldspars, mica calcites, dolomites, iron pyrites, apatites, etc. Water easily smells clay minerals. This can hinder normal drilling, result in complicated down hole problems like collapsing wall as well as pollute drilling fluids and impact capacity in later production. Mostly due to this, oil-based mud is required.

    Vertical well can try water-based mud, but it is less economical than horizontal wells for extracting shale gas. Horizontal drilling is always used for shale gas exploration, mostly along the direction of minimum principal stress, which makes shale formation proner to collapse than ever. Oil-based mud is endowed with better capabiliy to stablize the wall than water-based mud.

    1. Water-based mud can swell shale formation, a brittle mineral, collapse boreholes and impact drilling outcome in the drilling operations;

    2. Gases produced among shale cracks whose non-organic part is possbly aqueous wetting phase can be easily displaced by water, offsetting the well loggings.

    3. Water-based mud can easily block the layers of very low permeability and influence the capability.

    4. Oil-based mud can support the shale formation and its oil molecules cannot penetrate into tiny organic and non-organic pores under the capillary pressure.

    Accordingly, it makes great difference to drilling operations with the assistance of the oil-based mud, concocted with certain amount of support agent. And, in horizontal drilling, rotary steering, hole trajectory and well cementing are vital technologies, or an integrated auxiliary technology assembly.

     

  • Oil-based Mud Plays Significant Role in Shale Gas Exploration

    READ: Many unsolved problems in shale gas exploration are mostly attributed to drilling fluids. However, shale’s proneness to hydration swelling, which leads to a string of complex downhole problems like a collapsing wall, has determined oil-based mud to be applied in shale gas exploration.

    Many unsolved problems in shale gas exploration are mostly attributed to drilling fluids, so proper match between mud properties and engineering parameters gives birth to safe well drilling. Shale gas is produced by fracking since it mainly exists among cracks. However, shale’s proneness to hydration swelling, which leads to a string of complex downhole problems like a collapsing wall, has determined oil-based mud to be applied in shale gas exploration.

    Foreign companies apply a special drilling fluids called oil-based mud, especially in horizontal wells. And they have gained mature technologies and experience from years’ practical application of it.

    Foreign oil-based mud’s application in China are still restrained due to high cost, high tariff and high service charge. However, nationwide alternative-energy development for oil-based mud are currently underway. Though it still remains a controversy whether domestic oil-based mud for horizontal drilling project has entered mature stage, it is comparatively stable and costs less.

    Today, domestic shale gas exploration mainly takes into account liquid invasion and downhole safety and oil-based mud is designed to protect gas reservoirs so as to reject hydration swelling in mud shale.

    Oil-based mud is more protective in terms of safety, good rejection capability, faster drilling speed, etc. Water-based mud can also be adopted on various drilling designs because of its important head start of being cheap. Therefore, application of oil-based mud in shale gas exploration is key to examine how well domestic technologies are united with efficiency.