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分类： Industry Update

KOSUN exclusively manufacture solids control system,drilling mud solids control equipment,Oilfiled Solids Control,oil and gas drilling waste managemen

  • Four Major Functions of Filtrate Reducer

    READ: Pressure gradients naturally genders fluid loss through the walls from the drilling mud as drilling processes, subsequently developing into borehole collapse and drilling-related accidents. Thus, filtrate reducer plays a significant role in maintaining relatively low fluid loss, one of the essential properties of the mud.

    Pressure gradients naturally genders fluids loss through the walls from the drilling mud as drilling processes. Excessive fluid loss can impact many aspects of drilling operations:

    1. Shale formation can expand and collapse and the wall be less stabilized.

    2. Fluid penetration can expand the clay, blocking the oil and gas channel and damaging the formation.

    3. Larger fluid loss thickens the filter cake, narrows the borehole diameter, increases the torque of drilling rig, hinders “going in”, weakens cementing quality, etc.

    The above can subsequently develop into borehole collapse and drilling-related accidents.

    I. It works as a protective colloid.

    Filter cake of low permeability involves proper size distribution of clay particle diameter and more fine particle content in drilling mud. Then,

    1. Filtrate reducer can form an adsorbed layer covering the clay particle and stop it from flocculation.

    2. Filtrate reducer can stabilize the particles agitated in circulating system and prevent formation of bigger particles. Thus, larger proportion of fine particles will produce finer filter cakes.

    II. It increases fluid density and shrinks fluid loss.

    Generally, fluid loss is reversely proportional to fluid viscosity to the power of 0.5. Organic filtrate reducer can bring the viscosity up and fluid loss down.

    III. It deepens the hydration of bentonite particles in drilling mud.

    In this way, it can lower the fluid loss. When it attaches itself on the clay particles, they are more hydrated and their hydrated shell thickened. Besides, the filter cake thereof is more prone to deformation at high pressure and thus made less permeable.

    IV. Its molecules are able to block the holes.

    Organic high-molecule filtrate reducer, smaller than colloidal particles, can, on one hand, well fit molecular chains into filter cake’s cracks, and on the other hand, block micro holes with curled long molecular chains, creating thin and fine cake to reduce the loss.

     

  • How to Get Separation Point of Purification Equipment

    READ: The separation point for drilling fluids is defined as separation characteristics shown by purification equipment in the given time. And that for purification equipment comes out from comparing mass velocities of solid phases in different sizes and identical size discharged.

    Separation point of drilling fluids:

    The separation point for drilling fluids is defined as separation characteristics shown by purification equipment in the given time. It should take the properties of both purification equipment and drilling fluids into account to evaluate separation point data. The curve of separation can be drawn on collected data, illustrating the equipment’s removing rates of certain size at certain time in data collection. Accordingly, it is the function for solids’ physical property, diameter distribution, equipment state and mud properties.

    Separation point of purification equipment:

    Separation point of purification equipment comes out from comparing mass velocities of solid phases in different sizes and identical size discharged. Injection velocity, discharge velocity and underflow velocity are needed to test certain equipment. Mass injection velocity can be achieved if injection flow density is multiplied by volume flow rate while mass discharge velocity is given by the multiplication of discharge flow rate by volume flow rate. Apparently, aggregate discharge velocity should be the same with mass injection velocity. Usually, discharge flow is deserted while the rest stays in the mud. Prior to measuring the solid phase in liquid flows, it is primary to see if mass balance equation is well fit, i.e, if both volume velocity and mass velocity reach balance.

     

  • Solutions for Four Common Underflow Problems of Cyclone

    When cyclone works, high-speed swirling movement generates the air column and low-pressure area, creating suction towards underflow outlet. Inject some water into cyclone by certain pressure and adjust the outlet till it allows no fluid flow, meaning it reaches the balance point. This cyclone is called balanced cyclone, often found in mud cleaners where solid-content fluids enters and solids leave through underflow outlet.

    However, some problems may arise adjusting the underflow outlet:

    1. “Dry Underflow”: Relatively smaller outlet can pile a layer of dry silt between it and the balanced point. When ultra-fine solids enter, its water goes through the layer and dewatered solids block the outlet, causing dry plug. And this is called “dry underflow” adjustment.

    2. “Wet Underflow”: Relatively larger underflow outlet can discharge conical rotating liquid. And this is called “wet underflow”.

    3. “Radial” Discharge: Commonly, two flows move mutually reversely at the apex, one is the air inhaled and another the solid-content slurry discharging radially, forming an annular curtain there. Inhaled air keeps the outlet open and the cyclone efficient.

    4. “Rope-like Discharge”: When the solid content excessively exceeds the designed capacity, the cyclone is over-loaded and solids flow out outlet in a rope-like shape, making no air or annular curtain but a nozzle possible. Then, some solid phase within limits will turn around and out from vortex finder.

     

  • Application in Handling Unweighted and Weighted Drilling Fluids

    READ: Decanter centrifuge separates by the work principle of centrifugal sedimentation. The drilling fields usually apply spiral settling centrifuge which works on the basis of different component densities. It mainly removes 2~10μm solid phase from the mud as the last stage in solids control system. It has shared applications in both weighted and unweighted drilling fluids.

    Application in Handling Unweighted and Weighted Drilling Fluids

    Decanter centrifuge separates by the work principle of centrifugal sedimentation. The drilling fields usually apply spiral settling centrifuge which works on the basis of different component densities. It mainly removes 2~10μm solid phase from the mud as the last stage in solids control system. It has shared applications in both weighted and unweighted drilling fluids.

    Decanter centrifuges can be specified by the bowls’ lengths and max. diameters as 18×24 inch, 14×22 inch, 14×20 inch (diameter×length); or by the capacities, such as domestic centrifuges with capacities of 40m³/h or 60m³/h and bowl speed ranging from 1500~3500r/min

    Handling Unweighted Drilling Fluids

    Effective separation in unweighted low-solids drilling fluids involves centrifugation and the required centrifuge which is usually large-capacity centrifuge dealing with 23~45m³/h of fluids and 3~4t solids. Drilling fluids will go into two flows in centrifuge, one of which is underflow discharging useless solids to waste pool and another overflow returning valuable fluids to mud tank. Now, centrifuge is riding a wave of popularity in purifying unweighted drilling fluids which carries enormous benefits.

    Handling Weighted Drilling Fluids

    In this case, centrifugal is primarily aiming at controlling viscosity since large viscosity decelerates the speed in drilling. It overflows the impacting ultra-fine particles and colloids to waste pool, and sends back underflow with numerous barite content to the tank.

     

  • Ten Unmissed Points on Desander’s Daily Maintenance

    READ: Here are several unmissed points on desander’s daily maintenance: No butter should be applied insider its hydrocyclones and seal groove cavity on the top since they are sealed by metal which will be damaged by the potential particle content or fixture from butter. Spare filter element and adequate O-shape sealing ring should be fully prepared.

    Here are several unmissed points on desander’s daily maintenance:

    1. No butter should be applied insider its hydrocyclones and seal groove cavity on the top since they are sealed by metal which will be damaged by the potential particle content or fixture from butter.

    2. Spare filter element and adequate O-shape sealing ring should be fully prepared.

    3. Visual inspection should be conducted into its hydrocyclones.

    4. Indicated value displayed on pressure differential gauge should not surpass 3MPa when it is working.

    5. Only one hydrocyclone is rolling while the other one is saved for later use.

    6. Six-hourly examination of wall thickness should be carried out on key parts of desander.

    7. A sudden fall of pressure differential indicates damaged filter element. In this case, one hydrocyclone should be shut and another one started.

    8. Filter element should be taken out and examined after one day finishes.

    9. The butter from screw thread should be prevented from blocking desander filter element. If blocked, it should be moved from machine and cleaned by high-pressure steam.

    10. The moment the filter element is moved from machine, it should be cleaned by water at once to avoid precipitation of sand or support agent at essential points.

     

  • Jet Mud Mixer Is A Unit Used Together with Solids Control System

    KOSUN DJM Jet Mud Mixer is special equipment to prepare and increase the drilling fluids weight by adding and mixing bentonite, change the fluid density, change the mud density, viscosity and dehydration. The effect is more prominent if it is matched with shear pump. That is used to mix water and bentonite powder and cement powder with water. The mixing principle is done either by impeller or by venturi throttle, in both cases the aim is to generate enough shear to end up in a colloidal. 

     

    Jet mud mixer is a unit used together with solids control system

    KOSUN DJM Jet Mud Mixer is a unit used together with the solids control system for petroleum drilling and horizontal directional drilling(HDD). The unit includes one sand pump, one jet mixing hopper and one jet mixer that are installed in a base with pipe valves. It is safe and stable and can be moved conveniently. At the same time, we can make twin-jet mud mixer according to the user requirements. It is designed by KOSUN.

  • Causes and Solutions of Sand Fill in Hydrocyclones

    Hydrocyclones are major components in desander, desilter and mud cleaner and assist most of their works. A hydrocyclone has a upper casing, a lower casing, a underflow mouth as well as auxiliary parts. The upper casing is an inlet chamber in cylindric with an inlet pipe on one side and a vortex tube in top middle as the overflow. The lower casing is a cone whose angle ranges from 15°~20° at the tip. The underflow mouth is located at the bottom as the discharge port for solids.

    The work principle of hydrocyclones is to separate two or several components with different densities with the aid of centrifugal force. After the mixture is sent into hydrocyclones by certain pressure, it gradually flow into a high-speed rotation where the heavy phase form an outer swirl by moving downwards along the axis, outwards along radial direction, downwards again along the cone till they flow out of underflow; while the light phase form upward inner swirl by moving towards axis and upwards till they go out from overflow outlet. Thus, the separation is done.

    Sand fill is the commonest anormaly to hydrocyclone and is categorized as:

    Sand fill at the underflow: it happens as a consequence of improper adjustment that results in dry bottom or of excessive silt content which brings about overloaded hydrocyclone. It should be removed immediately as it affects the purification ability and accelerates abrasion of lining and vortex tube. Usually the best ways are to enlarge underflow outlet or to have more solids taken away by preceding equipment.

    Sand fill at the inlet: it can be partial or overall. Partial sand fill decelerates fluid flow inside inlet, leaks enormous drilling fluids from underflow and sometimes clean mud which may flow backwards from the overflow as, at that time, hydrocyclone is not more functional than a hopper. Overall sand fill is prone to back flow drilling mud from the overflow. Inlet sand fill generally stems from poor drilling fluids management, and most likely from going round the shale shaker or abrading shaker screens.

     

  • KOSUN Decanter Centrifuge Efficiently Removes Undesirable Solids

    KOSUN Drilling Mud Decanter Centrifuge efficiently removes undesirable solids from drilling mud in crude oil extraction.

    KOSUN Drilling Mud Decanter Centrifuges are designed specifically to remove unwanted solids and fine particles from virtually all kinds of used drilling mud, including those based on water/synthetics and conventional oil-based drilling fluids.

     

    KOSUN decanter centrifuge efficiently removes undesirable solids

    Built for heavy-duty processing, KOSUN’s installation handles large quantities of solids in the feed flow, as well as being able to cope with coarse, abrasive particles. It also efficiently removes the vast majority of fine particles, down to sizes of around 5μm. Traditional equipment is unable to deal with these particles, which have a serious impact on the quality of drilling mud because of their abrasive effect. KOSUN Decanter has been designed for the best available wear protection in the market.

    KOSUN’s installation can pave the way for dramatic reductions in drilling mud costs because less mud is wasted. Being able to remove solids in very dry form also means lower costs for transporting and disposing of solids waste. Additional savings stem from opportunities for automatic, unattended operation, and from the extended service life of KOSUN’s installations due to their exceptional reliability. The machines have been designed for reduced power consumption in relation with process flow.

    Optional modules are available to match KOSUN’s set-ups to specific needs encountered on drilling rigs. These include both fully automated modules and relatively simple manually operated modules that together provide cost-effective solutions to all solids separation requirements.

  • What is the desilter and desander

    Desilter and desander are used to process large volumes of drilling fluid to remove abrasive sands and silts that shale shakers cannot remove.

    KOSUN desilting and desanding hydrocyclones are made from high density abrasion resistant polyurethane. The unique internal manifold design minimises the back pressure on the hydrocyclones maximising the solids removal. Fine tuning is achieved through adjustable orifice openings at the discharge point on the cone.

     

    What is the desilter and desander

    Both desilter and desander are available in a large range of configurations including stand alone, over a shaker as a mud cleaner or packaged with a supply pump as a mobile desilting unit. Please contact your nearest KOSUN office to discuss applications and appropriate technical specifications.

    KOSUN is a leader in China’s solids control industry and expert in drilling waste management. KOSUN is capable of providing customers with such four series as oil & gas drilling solids control equipment, centrifuges, drilling waste treatment equipment and drilling security equipment, including 25 categories of products, and can also customize packaged design and matching products of oil & gas drilling rigs for drilling contractors. The products provided by KOSUN are extensively used in oil & gas drilling and workover, coalbed methane drilling, shale gas drilling, water well, geothermal well drilling, trenchless horizontal directional crossing projects, mine gravel staged treatment, tailings treatment, rive dredging works, municipal environment-friendly sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, fruit juice purification, waste oil recovery and purification treatment, etc.

  • What Are Desilter and Desander

    Desilter and desander are used to process large volumes of drilling fluid to remove abrasive sands and silts that shale shakers cannot remove.

    KOSUN’s desilting and desanding hydrocyclones are made from high density abrasion resistant polyurethane. The unique internal manifold design minimises the back pressure on hydrocyclones and maximises the solids removal. Fine tuning is achieved through adjustable orifice openings at the discharge point on the cone.

    What is the desilter and desander

    Both desilter and desander are available in a large range of configurations including standing alone, over a shaker as a mud cleaner or packaged with a supply pump as a mobile desilting unit. Please contact your nearest KOSUN office to discuss about applications and appropriate technical specifications.

    KOSUN is a leader in China’s solids control industry and expert in drilling waste management. KOSUN is capable of providing customers with such four series as oil & gas drilling solids control equipment, centrifuges, drilling waste treatment equipment and drilling security equipment, including 25 categories of products, and can also customize packaged design and matching products of oil & gas drilling rigs for drilling contractors. The products provided by KOSUN are extensively used in oil & gas drilling and workover, coalbed methane drilling, shale gas drilling, water well, geothermal well drilling, trenchless horizontal directional crossing projects, mine gravel staged treatment, tailings treatment, rive dredging works, municipal environment-friendly sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, fruit juice purification, waste oil recovery and purification treatment, etc.