KOSUN

作者： Kosun_com

  • How to Keep Mud Properties within Design Scope

    READ: Drilling operations need certain amount of agents whose available content and ratio, especially that of anti-sloughing agents, should be well preserved, and adequate anti-high-temperature materials to avoid high temperature thickening or thinning and other agent failures.

    Drilling operations need certain amount of agents whose available content and ratio, especially that of anti-sloughing agents, should be well preserved, and adequate anti-high-temperature materials to avoid high temperature thickening or thinning and other agent failures, as well as larger amount of lubricating materials to keep frictional resistance within limits and to impart property characteristics needed for drilling fields.

    Proper mud density is of high necessity since only it can well control formation pressures, maintain well bore stability and ensure successful electrical logging.

    Notably, we can get our first crack at strict control of mud properties within limits rather than substantial adjustments and formation of fine, thin but strong cake rather instead of thick but fragile one by following the steps below:

    1. Drill by low plastic viscosity, large yield point and yield point & plastic viscosity ratio well beyond 0.5mPa.s.

    2. Make short trips, especially at the lower wall of slant hole interval, to not form cuttings bed.

    3. Remove harmful solids from drilling fluids by quality mud purification equipment.

    4. Maintain well bore stability with proper amount of asphalt additives.

    Drilling operations demand high rheology and thixotropy in the mud. Guantao Formation is drilled with mud of standard shear viscosity rather than low shear viscosity and with well borehole cleaning.

     

  • Several Vital Cyclone Adjustment Know-hows

    READ: As the indispensable part of desander for separating solids, cyclones in different specifications work against different diameters and for different cleannesses. Besides, separation capacity is closely related with cyclone diameter since larger diameter is aimed at larger particles while smaller one contends with smaller particles.

    As the indispensable part of desander for separating solids, cyclones in different specifications work against different diameters and for different cleannesses. Besides, separation capacity is closely related with cyclone diameter since larger diameter is aimed at larger particles while smaller one contends with smaller particles.

    I. Installation & Maintenance:

    1. Desander ought to be installed on a well-prepared, flat foundation or merely on the ground. Then three expansion bolts are adequate to keep the base stable on the foundation built with concrete, which has a round or square surface and is 150mm high.

    2. Take notice of the pipelines and flow directions in the installation.

    3. Surface configuration of mud tanks ought to include some space for operators. Though no maintenance is necessary for desander when it has no mobile parts, it is important to maintain a stable load at the inlet and proper force towards the drain valve, and to keep it from human damage.

    II. Matters Needing Attention in Adjustment:

    1. It is not allowed to decommission the desander out of personal will.

    2. It is proper to install the desander behind the untra-deepwater pump.

    3. The system may automatically pause periodically or seasonally. Before that happens, certain amount of corrosion inhibitors or excessive high water level protection can be applied to reduce corrosion and protect system.

     

  • Summary of Mud’s Composition and Resultant Functions

    READ: Drilling fluids, the circulating fluid for drilling operations, is a mixture of the fluid, the solid and chemical agents. It is usually known as the “mud” or the “blood of drilling” deriving from its distinctive significance.

    Drilling fluids, the circulating fluid for drilling operations, is a mixture of the fluid, the solid and chemical agents. It is usually known as the “mud” or the “blood of drilling” deriving from its distinctive significance.

    The solid in mud primarily includes concocting clay, weighting materials, drill cuttings and other solid substances. In terms of sources, it then comprises concocting clay, debris, weighting materials, solids from agents, etc.

    Besides, different types of action of solids and ions in water can further categorize low-density solids into active and inert ones.

    Active solids: Active solids tends to hydrate or react with other solids in the mud, They have higher surfactivity, larger specific surface area and more active electrochemical properties. And usually a closer unity exists between clays, clay and ions, clay and polymers. Active solids are also known as useful solids for their roles in mud property adjustment.

    Inert solids: Inert solids refer to such inactive solids without any surface charge or possibility of electrochemical reaction as sands, flints, limestones, dolomites, some shales and various mineral mixtures. When they integrate, they can improve the mud properties by compressing active solids and increasing the viscosity, However, Inert solids are usually of no use, which another name“useless solids”derives from, and are corrosive to circulating equipment when the diameters are beyond 15μm, thus they are also known as harmful solids.

    Rock cuttings, the major harmful solids in mud, can exert great influence on the mud properties as they add to the density, viscosity, yield point, water loss, abrasiveness, treacliness and flow resistance, and can trigger various bore hole complications like damage of formations, reduction of drilling velocity, increase of table torque, resistance of each trip, sticking drilling, leakage, blowout, etc.

     

  • Four Major Functions of Filtrate Reducer

    READ: Pressure gradients naturally genders fluid loss through the walls from the drilling mud as drilling processes, subsequently developing into borehole collapse and drilling-related accidents. Thus, filtrate reducer plays a significant role in maintaining relatively low fluid loss, one of the essential properties of the mud.

    Pressure gradients naturally genders fluids loss through the walls from the drilling mud as drilling processes. Excessive fluid loss can impact many aspects of drilling operations:

    1. Shale formation can expand and collapse and the wall be less stabilized.

    2. Fluid penetration can expand the clay, blocking the oil and gas channel and damaging the formation.

    3. Larger fluid loss thickens the filter cake, narrows the borehole diameter, increases the torque of drilling rig, hinders “going in”, weakens cementing quality, etc.

    The above can subsequently develop into borehole collapse and drilling-related accidents.

    I. It works as a protective colloid.

    Filter cake of low permeability involves proper size distribution of clay particle diameter and more fine particle content in drilling mud. Then,

    1. Filtrate reducer can form an adsorbed layer covering the clay particle and stop it from flocculation.

    2. Filtrate reducer can stabilize the particles agitated in circulating system and prevent formation of bigger particles. Thus, larger proportion of fine particles will produce finer filter cakes.

    II. It increases fluid density and shrinks fluid loss.

    Generally, fluid loss is reversely proportional to fluid viscosity to the power of 0.5. Organic filtrate reducer can bring the viscosity up and fluid loss down.

    III. It deepens the hydration of bentonite particles in drilling mud.

    In this way, it can lower the fluid loss. When it attaches itself on the clay particles, they are more hydrated and their hydrated shell thickened. Besides, the filter cake thereof is more prone to deformation at high pressure and thus made less permeable.

    IV. Its molecules are able to block the holes.

    Organic high-molecule filtrate reducer, smaller than colloidal particles, can, on one hand, well fit molecular chains into filter cake’s cracks, and on the other hand, block micro holes with curled long molecular chains, creating thin and fine cake to reduce the loss.

     

  • 33 MBA Students from University of Texas Visit KOSUN for Study

    On the afternoon of April 18th, 2014, 33 MBA students from University of Texas paid a visit to KOSUN’s Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory, where they made a field trip to the workshops with their topics and asked questions with great interest.

    On the afternoon of April 18th, 2014, 33 MBA students from University of Texas paid a visit to KOSUN’s Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory, where they made a field trip to the workshops with their topics and asked questions with great interest.

    The American students were given a full demonstration of KOSUN’s overall strength and a fresh angle to look at China’s private enterprises in the exchange activity. Meanwhile, KOSUN also acquired a better understanding of the American market and laid the foundation for massively developing the North American market in future.

    Group Photo of Visiting Students and KOSUN Leadership
    Group Photo of Visiting Students and KOSUN Leadership
     
    A staff member is making a brief introduction to KOSUN for the visiting students.
    A staff member is making a brief introduction to KOSUN for the visiting students.
     
    Students are discussing issues of common concern.
    Students are discussing issues of common concern.
     
    Students are discussing issues of common concern.
    Students are discussing issues of common concern.
     
    Students are enjoying buffet during the break.
    Students are enjoying buffet during the break.
     
    Students are enjoying buffet during the break.
    Students are enjoying buffet during the break.
     
    Students are talking with the reception personnel during the break.
    Students are talking with the reception personnel during the break.
     
    Students are talking with the reception personnel during the break.
    Students are talking with the reception personnel during the break.
     
    Students are visiting the workshops.
    Students are visiting the workshops.
     
    Students are visiting the workshops in Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory.
    Students are visiting the workshops in Jingwei Solids Control Equipment Factory.

     

  • How to Get Separation Point of Purification Equipment

    READ: The separation point for drilling fluids is defined as separation characteristics shown by purification equipment in the given time. And that for purification equipment comes out from comparing mass velocities of solid phases in different sizes and identical size discharged.

    Separation point of drilling fluids:

    The separation point for drilling fluids is defined as separation characteristics shown by purification equipment in the given time. It should take the properties of both purification equipment and drilling fluids into account to evaluate separation point data. The curve of separation can be drawn on collected data, illustrating the equipment’s removing rates of certain size at certain time in data collection. Accordingly, it is the function for solids’ physical property, diameter distribution, equipment state and mud properties.

    Separation point of purification equipment:

    Separation point of purification equipment comes out from comparing mass velocities of solid phases in different sizes and identical size discharged. Injection velocity, discharge velocity and underflow velocity are needed to test certain equipment. Mass injection velocity can be achieved if injection flow density is multiplied by volume flow rate while mass discharge velocity is given by the multiplication of discharge flow rate by volume flow rate. Apparently, aggregate discharge velocity should be the same with mass injection velocity. Usually, discharge flow is deserted while the rest stays in the mud. Prior to measuring the solid phase in liquid flows, it is primary to see if mass balance equation is well fit, i.e, if both volume velocity and mass velocity reach balance.

     

  • Solutions for Four Common Underflow Problems of Cyclone

    When cyclone works, high-speed swirling movement generates the air column and low-pressure area, creating suction towards underflow outlet. Inject some water into cyclone by certain pressure and adjust the outlet till it allows no fluid flow, meaning it reaches the balance point. This cyclone is called balanced cyclone, often found in mud cleaners where solid-content fluids enters and solids leave through underflow outlet.

    However, some problems may arise adjusting the underflow outlet:

    1. “Dry Underflow”: Relatively smaller outlet can pile a layer of dry silt between it and the balanced point. When ultra-fine solids enter, its water goes through the layer and dewatered solids block the outlet, causing dry plug. And this is called “dry underflow” adjustment.

    2. “Wet Underflow”: Relatively larger underflow outlet can discharge conical rotating liquid. And this is called “wet underflow”.

    3. “Radial” Discharge: Commonly, two flows move mutually reversely at the apex, one is the air inhaled and another the solid-content slurry discharging radially, forming an annular curtain there. Inhaled air keeps the outlet open and the cyclone efficient.

    4. “Rope-like Discharge”: When the solid content excessively exceeds the designed capacity, the cyclone is over-loaded and solids flow out outlet in a rope-like shape, making no air or annular curtain but a nozzle possible. Then, some solid phase within limits will turn around and out from vortex finder.

     

  • KOSUN Will Attend OTC 2014

    Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd. would like to extend its warm welcome to all the customers to visit it on its stand No. 7535 at the world’s foremost event in oil & gas industry—Offshore Technology Conference, lasting from 6th to 9th May, 2014 in Houston, USA.

    The 44th Offshore Technology Conference was sponsored by American Petroleum Institute. Founded in 1969 and presently located in Houston, it is now the world’s largest annual oil & gas conference. With numerous oil drilling machine suppliers attracted, OTC has been recognized a weather vane for oil & gas machine industry, embracing major customers from oil-rich Mid-east, North America, CIS, Africa, Asia-Pacific Region, Europe, etc. every year.

    This time, KOSUN is to present itself at OTC with its equipment including the Mud Cleaner. Based in Xi’an China, Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd. is the world-renowned oil drilling solids control equipment supplier and integrated oil & gas drilling waste treatment service provider. KOSUN is capable of providing customers with such four series as oil & gas drilling solids control equipment, centrifuges, drilling waste treatment equipment and drilling security equipment, including 25 categories of products, widely used in 13 fields as oil & gas drilling and workover, coal bed methane drilling, shale gas drilling, geothermal well drilling, trenchless horizontal directional crossing projects, mine gravel staged treatment, etc., and can also customize packaged design and matching products of oil & gas drilling rigs.

    So far, KOSUN has been certified by CE, API, ISO14001 Environmental Management System and OHSAS18001 Occupation Health Safety Management System from France’s Baer International Certification Center. Its products have woven a wide sales network in All-Russian Region, East and South Asia, Middle East and North Africa, America, Europe, Australia, etc.

     

  • Application in Handling Unweighted and Weighted Drilling Fluids

    READ: Decanter centrifuge separates by the work principle of centrifugal sedimentation. The drilling fields usually apply spiral settling centrifuge which works on the basis of different component densities. It mainly removes 2~10μm solid phase from the mud as the last stage in solids control system. It has shared applications in both weighted and unweighted drilling fluids.

    Application in Handling Unweighted and Weighted Drilling Fluids

    Decanter centrifuge separates by the work principle of centrifugal sedimentation. The drilling fields usually apply spiral settling centrifuge which works on the basis of different component densities. It mainly removes 2~10μm solid phase from the mud as the last stage in solids control system. It has shared applications in both weighted and unweighted drilling fluids.

    Decanter centrifuges can be specified by the bowls’ lengths and max. diameters as 18×24 inch, 14×22 inch, 14×20 inch (diameter×length); or by the capacities, such as domestic centrifuges with capacities of 40m³/h or 60m³/h and bowl speed ranging from 1500~3500r/min

    Handling Unweighted Drilling Fluids

    Effective separation in unweighted low-solids drilling fluids involves centrifugation and the required centrifuge which is usually large-capacity centrifuge dealing with 23~45m³/h of fluids and 3~4t solids. Drilling fluids will go into two flows in centrifuge, one of which is underflow discharging useless solids to waste pool and another overflow returning valuable fluids to mud tank. Now, centrifuge is riding a wave of popularity in purifying unweighted drilling fluids which carries enormous benefits.

    Handling Weighted Drilling Fluids

    In this case, centrifugal is primarily aiming at controlling viscosity since large viscosity decelerates the speed in drilling. It overflows the impacting ultra-fine particles and colloids to waste pool, and sends back underflow with numerous barite content to the tank.

     

  • Ten Unmissed Points on Desander’s Daily Maintenance

    READ: Here are several unmissed points on desander’s daily maintenance: No butter should be applied insider its hydrocyclones and seal groove cavity on the top since they are sealed by metal which will be damaged by the potential particle content or fixture from butter. Spare filter element and adequate O-shape sealing ring should be fully prepared.

    Here are several unmissed points on desander’s daily maintenance:

    1. No butter should be applied insider its hydrocyclones and seal groove cavity on the top since they are sealed by metal which will be damaged by the potential particle content or fixture from butter.

    2. Spare filter element and adequate O-shape sealing ring should be fully prepared.

    3. Visual inspection should be conducted into its hydrocyclones.

    4. Indicated value displayed on pressure differential gauge should not surpass 3MPa when it is working.

    5. Only one hydrocyclone is rolling while the other one is saved for later use.

    6. Six-hourly examination of wall thickness should be carried out on key parts of desander.

    7. A sudden fall of pressure differential indicates damaged filter element. In this case, one hydrocyclone should be shut and another one started.

    8. Filter element should be taken out and examined after one day finishes.

    9. The butter from screw thread should be prevented from blocking desander filter element. If blocked, it should be moved from machine and cleaned by high-pressure steam.

    10. The moment the filter element is moved from machine, it should be cleaned by water at once to avoid precipitation of sand or support agent at essential points.