KOSUN

分类： Industry Update

KOSUN exclusively manufacture solids control system,drilling mud solids control equipment,Oilfiled Solids Control,oil and gas drilling waste managemen

  • The Purpose of Drilling Fluids Purification Solids Control System

    READ: If the solids control equipment are put into prompt application, they will remove such harmful solids as drill cuttings, silts, coarse clay, etc., keep the content of useful solids like barites and bentonites under the sway of regulations, and, at the same time, recover barites and bentonites from drilling fluids.

    What is the purpose of applying drilling fluids purification solids control equipment?

    The main application that drilling fluids purification solids control equipment, as a must for drilling fluids circulating system, find is to control the solids content in drilling fluids. Increased solid content in drilling mud will result in a remarkable fall of mechanical drilling speed and even drilling accidents, thus surging the overal drilling cost up to a large degree. Experiments prove that 1% down in solid content will bring drilling speed up at least 10%.

    Solids control system is mainly functional in:

    1. Removing harmful solids and guaranteeing continuous drilling operations;

    2. Making the drilling safe and eliminating the potentials of accidents;

    3. Reducing the energy consumption;

    4. Reducing the pollution and protecting the environment.

    Such harms can be the consequences of high solids content in drilling fluids as,

    1. Raised mud density, lowered mechanical drilling speed, shortened lifespan of drill bit;

    2. Thickened the filter cakes, softened the formations as well as strong friction, which easily lead to blocked drilling tool when it is running and sticking of drill bit; and larger filtration loss, which result in expansion of inner wall, drawing down, peeling, collapse, etc.; then, more permeable filter cakes, enlarged filtration loss, which reduce oil layer permeability and crude capacity; what is more, higher solids content, thicker filter cake, which may also cementing quality;

    3. High silt content, which severely abrades the drill bit, drilling rig and mechanical equipment, thus hindering the normal drilling operation;

    4. Unsteady mud propertied, larger viscosity & shearing force, inadequent flowability, all of which produce clay and chemical contamination;

    5. Miscellaneous silts, hindered electric logging, inaccurate logging data;

    6. Complicated treatment process, which ups the cost in drilling fluids.

    Impacts That the Solid Content Exerts on Drilling Speed,

    1. Drilling speed is inversely proportional to solid content. Suppose the drilling speed in clean water stands at 100%. When the solid content goes up to 7%, drilling speed reduces to 50%, that is half that in clean water. As far as numerous data display, when the solid content is not beyond 7%, 1% down in solid content will bring drilling speed up at least 10%.

    2. In different solid content ranges, the increase rates of drilling speed vary. If the solid content remains under 7%(equal to such density as 1.08 g/cm3), drilling speed will climb at the fastest speed; if it goes beyond 7%, it does not make much significance to drilling speed.

    3. Drilling speed is influenced, to the greatest extent, by colloidal particles below 1µm in diameter. It is proved by experiments that colloidal particles with diameter below 1µm are 12 times more influential than the coarse particles with diameter above 1 cape. Accordingly, the more the colloidal particle there are, the slower the drilling speed is.

    In a word, If the solids control equipment are put into prompt application, they will remove such harmful solids as drill cuttings, silts, coarse clay, etc., keep the content of useful solids like barites and bentonites under the sway of regulations, and, at the same time, recover barites and bentonites from drilling fluids.

     

  • Functions and Potentials of Solids Control Equipment

    READ: Increased solid content in drilling fluids will result in remarkably reduced mechanical drilling speed and even some drilling accidents, thus surging up the overal cost in well. Drilling fluids circulating solids control equipment, as primarily aimed at controlling the solid content, must work together with drilling fluids purification device.

    Increased solid content in drilling fluids will result in remarkably decreased mechanical drilling speed and even some drilling accidents, thus surging up the overal cost in well. Drilling fluids circulating solids control equipment, as primarily aimed at controlling the solid content, must work together with drilling fluids purification device. Experiments prove that 1% decrease in solid content will generate at least 10% boost of drilling speed, and the size of solid particles has inversely proportional relationship with their influence on drilling speed.

    Solids control system is used to,

    1. Remove harmful solid phase and keep the drilling operations going;

    2. Keep the drilling process safe and prevent some accidents;

    3. Reduce the energy consumption;

    4. Reduce the pollution and protect the environment.

    Solids control system is constituted of,

    1. Three-in-one mud cleaner, drilling fluids shale shaker, vacuum degasser, desander, desilter;

    2. Drilling fluids decanter centrifuge;

    3. And the others, like, centrifugal pump, shear pump, mud agitator, mud gun, mud circulating tank and batching apparatus.

    At home, there is not yet a wide variety of drilling mud shale shakers. Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop dry fine-mesh shaker, tracked non-shaker analytical apparatus, offshore drilling environment-friendly solids control equipment and versatile supporting mud circulating system to enrich the variety of domestic solids control equipment.

    Though, in recent years, great breakthroughs have been made in the study on domestic solids control equipment’s theory and their production & processing level, especially that in the study of theories like, working theories of drilling mud shale shaker and centrifugal cyclones, etc., which has reached or near to the world-class standards, there is still a long way to go between domestic and foreign equipment in terms of performance and lifespan, extending to the materials, processing technology, processing precision and quality of supporting generic devices (such as, electric motor). There is no high-pressure, large-engine solids control equipment available at home now.

     

  • Essential Operational Details of Solids Control Equipment

    READ: It is quite essential to normally operate any solids control system or equipment in oil & gas drilling. Therefore, KOSUN has summed up a list of techniques concerning the equipment operational details based upon actual operations, which will make your drillings more productive with less energy consumption.

    It is quite essential to normally operate any solids control system or equipment in oil & gas drilling. Therefore, KOSUN has summed up a list of techniques concerning the equipment operational details based upon actual operations, which will make your drillings more productive with less energy consumption.

    1. Weak capacity of solids control equipment:

    It should be taken into consideration how much the fluids can be injected into mud tanks according to equipment’s actual capacity and how much the flow rate is in mud agitator in order to guarantee the quality of processing the fluids.

    2. Return of the rough solids removed by screen in mud cleaner:

    If the liquid flow all returns to the system, that means nothing has been taken away. Thus, the solid particles left on the screen of mud cleaner ought to be removed.

    3. Installation of vaccum degasser at the downstream of hydrocyclones:

    If the degasser is placed behind the equipment supplied by centrifugal pump, the pump can be blocked by entraining gases. Entrained fluids will reduce its flow rate and working efficiency of hydraulic cyclones. If the gases are poisonous, it is better to remove them in the first mud tank rather than the third or the fourth one.

    4. Shared sunction tank for desilter and desander:

    If the desilter and desander share a sunction tank, then half drilling fluids is treated by desilter and another half by desander. That means, 50% of the fluids pumped into the well is not treated by desander and another 50% not by desilter, thus betraying the basic rule of successive treatment and disabling the desamder to effectively reduce the solids load in desilter.

    5. Two centrifugal pumps in parallel to supply the same equipment:

    It is commonplace in the configuration of solids control system because, with 30m pressure head and 25L/s funnel nozzle, two centrifual pumps installed in parallel equal to a pump with 30m pressure head and 25L/s funnel nozzle.

    If the single pump does not have required pressure head of the equipment, then it is not proper to place another one in parallel, but rather to examine if it is in good condition. If it is but the pressure head is still not up to the scratch, then replace the propeller with a larger one.

    KOSUN Solids Control System
    KOSUN Solids Control System

     

  • Details on Vaccum Degasser Application in Under-balanced Drilling

    READ: In drilling operations, gases brought from the well by drilling fluids usually exert negative influence on mud properties and create safety hazards. In under-balanced drilling, sticking has become a frequent occurrence deep in the well. Vaccum degasser is very helpful in tackling the adhesive sticking resulted from over-dense drilling fluids.

    In drilling operations, gases brought from the well by drilling fluids usually exert negative influence on mud properties and create safety hazards. In under-balanced drilling, sticking has become a frequent occurrence deep in the well. Vaccum degasser is very helpful in tackling the adhesive sticking resulted from over-dense drilling fluids.

    Roles That Vaccum Degasser Plays in Under-balanced Drilling:

    1. It is proved by the in-situ experiment that vaccum degasser is suitable both in the normal oil drilling and special under-balanced drilling to remove the entrained gases in drilling fluids, separate the free and non-free gases and recover relative density and viscosity of drilling fluids.

    2. It is used to remove entrained gases, with remarkable effects, safety and reliability.

    3. Vaccum degasser is more cutting-edge than mud-gas separator since it is developed to be able to take away both the free gases and non-free gases invading drilling fluids system. Accordingly, it has more value in onsite promotion and application.

    Technical Requirements of Vacuum Degasser in Under-balanced Drilling:

    1. For under-balanced drilling, drilling fluids is required to have stable density. If entrained, it should be put under treatment promptly.

    2. The mud/gas separator specialized in under-balanced drilling can do nothing when encountered with microbubbles in the drilling fluids of high density and high viscosity. They demand vacuum degasser to work wonders. Therefore, vaccum degasser is essential in stabilizing drilling fluids density for a normal drilling.

    3. It is proved in actual application that: normal drilling in this well is very well preserved since treated drilling fluids recovers the original density. It is also known from test data that treatment in vaccum degasser is vastly helpful for drilling fluids to recover density. The recovery rate has been up to scratch.

     

     

  • Regulators Approve Speculation Limits for Energy Trading

    The New England Fuel Institute and the Petroleum Marketers Association of America expressed "guarded optimism" over two important new commodity trading rules approved by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

    (10/26/2011)

    The New England Fuel Institute and the Petroleum Marketers Association of America expressed "guarded optimism" over two important new commodity trading rules approved by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ( CFTC ). The groups also expressed "concerns" on the specifics of the rules and certain implementation deadlines that will be tied to other, long-overdue commission actions.

    NEFI President and CEO Michael C. Trunzo said the 1,200 NEFI and 8,000 PMAA members, which include gasoline marketers and home heating oil dealers, are hoping the regulatory measures, which would establish speculative position limits on futures and swaps and clarify rules for derivative clearing organizations ( DCOs ), will result in more transparent, stable and competitive energy trading markets.

     

    Regulators Approve Speculation Limits for Energy Trading

    "We believe the position limits rule is the most significant rule yet to be taken up by the commission under last year’s Wall Street Reform Bill," Trunzo said. "However, the delay in the rule implementation for the spot month contracts concerns us greatly, as there is no timeframe in place.” The commission announced that spot-month limits would not be imposed until 60 days after the term “swap” is defined, which as of right now has no date certain.

    "Further, we are fearful the limit levels themselves may be insufficient to adequately address excessive volatility and speculation…only time will tell," Trunzo said.

    NEFI and PMAA were pleased that the rule mandates regular review of limits especially as other rules are implemented and new data becomes available. They were also pleased with the rule’s narrowing of exemptions from these limits afforded bona fide hedgers, which they have long argued as necessary to keep financial speculators from exploiting them.

    PMAA, NEFI and their allies have called for responsive energy derivatives markets that are designed to serve hedgers, ensure stability and minimize price swings, and that effectively communicate a price for energy based on real supply and demand.

    While they have praised the CFTC for moving forward with a final rule to establish a new position limits regime, the groups have criticized the speculative limits as being too high and continue to urge aggregate limits on all speculation, which was not included in the final rule.

    "We will be watching when and how this rule is implemented and continue to urge action where necessary" Trunzo said. "Our members want to be confident that the price per gallon of gasoline or heating oil as set by these markets is reflective of market fundamentals, not the cash flows of financial investors."

    PMAA President Dan Gilligan said, "We applaud Chairman Gensler for negotiating the agreement on position limits, although more work remains, this is a tremendous step forward. Once CFTC captures the data on the multi-trillion dollar swaps market ( probably late in 2012 ) it will apply position limits to those currently unregulated instruments. These combined steps are critical for fully functioning and liquid energy markets. This is a hugely meaningful step in a long process…a process which could be longer than it has to be if meaningful litigation is filed. The CFTC staff has been diligent in following all procedures which should help minimize lengthy litigation, but some delays are certain. PMAA and NEFI and our allies will continue to monitor and address where possible all attempts to delay implementation."

    PMAA and NEFI were also extremely pleased that the CFTC staff is conducting an investigation and research into the role of index fund speculation in the commodities markets. The organizations have had a growing concern that such activity has adversely affected markets.

    PMAA and NEFI professional staff will thoroughly review the final rule and provide additional updates as appropriate. We remain engaged in this issue and will continue to keep members apprised as the process moves forward.

  • "Wags" Valve from Taco Prevents Catastrophic Water Heater Leakage

    READ: Late night, leaking water heater emergency calls could be avoided with the addition of this new device from Taco.

    (10/26/2011)

     

    \Wags\ Valve from Taco Prevents Catastrophic Water Heater Leakage

    Late night, leaking water heater emergency calls could be avoided with the addition of this new device from Taco. The “Wags” ( Water and Gas Shut-off ) valve is a simple, inexpensive and reliable way to guard against disastrous water problems that can arise when water heaters develop a leak. Taco’s Wags valve, ideal for new or existing water heaters, is totally mechanical and can be installed with or without an electric harness. Installation is easy: the valve rests in a water heater drain pan. The cold water supply runs through the valve before entering the appliance. If a leak occurs, an internal water-soluble fiber element dissolves, releasing a powerful, spring-loaded piston that closes flow of water to the tank. With the addition of a wiring harness for gas-fired appliances, this action will also break a fuse to shut off the water heater’s gas supply. The valve’s action is based on fiber element technology developed for the British Royal Air Force to inflate life jackets automatically.

  • How to Make High Quality Drilling Mud Tanks System

    The drilling mud tanks system can be used in various drilling operations. The different well drilling conditions will request different fluids systems.

    Drilling fluids system include mud tanks system and such mud processing equipment as pipelines and electrical lines, cables, and auxiliary parts like, ladders, hand rail, guard rail, etc.

    Fluids system equipment mainly extend to shale shaker, hydrocyclone separators, centrifuge decanter, centrifugal pumps, and mud mixers/agitators.

     

    How to make high quality drilling mud tanks system

    What is the mud tanks detail then? Actually, we need most of the fluids system including shaker tank, active, storage tank or mixing tank. Sometimes, there will be also the trip tank, pill tank, and swab or test tank

    The mud tanks are in different sizes or dimensions. It depends on whole mud tanks system capacity or flow mud pump flow rate. Complete mud system include different phases and process steps. We need to calculate all information in detail.

    So usually the single mud tank effective volume or capacity include 20m³ or less, 20-40m³ and 40-70m³. Their length can be 8m, 9m, 10m, 11m, 12m, 15m, etc., specifically speaking.

    How to make high quality mud tanks system?

    High quality oilfield mud tank system must be fabricated under professional configuration, with high efficiency and low cost and it should cater to clients’ specific demand and actual drilling conditions.

    All the equipment and tanks should be made of high quality raw materials and produced according to executive standard. Inspect all equipments and oilfield drilling mud tanks completely and strictly. Ensure all pipes are connected with each other. All welding lines should be sealed and plain.

  • 2011 AHR EXPO, the Largest Event in the Show’s 82-Year History

    READ: Nearly 2,000 Companies To Display Latest Technologies

    (10/10/2011)

    WESTPORT, Connecticut…October 3, 2011 — Over 1,700 companies have already reserved more than 414,500 square feet of exhibition space for the 2012 AHR Expo was held in Chicago from January 23rd to 25th, making it the largest HVACR exposition of all-time. With several weeks remaining before the Show opens at McCormick Place, the 2012 event has already surpassed the previous all-time record of 410,415 square feet set at the 2006 exposition in Chicago.

    “We are very pleased about setting this new all-time record, especially as this is our company’s 100th Anniversary,” said Clay Stevens, President of International Exposition Company, which produces and manages the AHR Expo. “Historically, the number of attendees tends to increase proportionately with the increase in square footage.” Stevens attributes much of this growth to more companies introducing new energy efficient equipment, as well as the anticipation that their customers will need to replace out-dated equipment that they have been nursing through an uncertain economy.

     

    2012 AHR EXPO, the Largest Event in the Show\s 82-Year History

    Included among the more than 1,700 exhibiting companies from 34 countries are more than 130 first time exhibitors and over 300 non-U.S. exhibitors. As the largest AHR Expo of all-time, the 2012 Show may also be on track to establish new records for total attendees ( 59,079 ) and registered visitors ( 38,534 ), excluding exhibitor personnel.

    Stevens said that another reason for the record exhibit space is that AHR Expo covers all segments of the HVACR industry, including the new solar and sustainable technologies that are experiencing strong growth. A comprehensive educational program featuring more than 100 sessions and special show features also attracts a significant number of HVACR professionals from around the world.

    “Based on these early indicators, we expect Chicago to be a very strong event,” Stevens added.

  • National Oilwell Varco and Ameron International Corporation Announce Merger Agreement

    National Oilwell Varco, Inc. ( NYSE: NOV ) and Ameron International Corporation ( NYSE: AMN ) have entered into an agreement under which NOV will acquire Ameron in an all cash transaction that values Ameron at approximately $772 million. Under the agreement, Ameron’s stockholders will receive $85.00 per share in cash in return for each of the approximately 9.1 million outstanding shares. The boards of directors of NOV and Ameron have unanimously approved the transaction, which is subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of holders of at least a majority of Ameron’s outstanding shares. Closing can occur as early as the 4th quarter of 2011.

    Ameron is a multinational manufacturer of highly-engineered products and materials for the chemical, industrial, energy, transportation and infrastructure markets. Ameron is a leading producer of fiberglass-composite pipe for transporting oil, chemicals and corrosive fluids, and specialized materials and products used in infrastructure projects, such as poles and construction materials in Hawaii. Ameron is also a leading provider of water transmission pipelines and fabricated steel products, such as wind towers. Ameron operates businesses in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, has a presence through affiliated companies in the Middle East, and has approximately 2,900 employees and 25 manufacturing locations on a worldwide basis.

    National Oilwell Varco and Ameron International Corporation Announce Merger Agreement

    NOV is a worldwide leader in the design, production and sale of equipment and components used in oil & gas drilling and production operations, the provision of oilfield services, and the supply of chain integration services to the upstream oil & gas industry.

    James S. Marlen, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Ameron International Corporation, commented, "Ameron’s Board of Directors believes that the proposed transaction with NOV represents an outstanding value for Ameron’s stockholders. The Ameron businesses, while confronting a challenging business environment at this time, hold strong positions, and we have structured the businesses to capitalize on growth opportunities as markets recover. NOV has the resources to fully capitalize on the established business strategies and fully realize the potential of each Ameron business."

    Pete Miller, Chairman, President and CEO of NOV, remarked, "The acquisition of this leading fiberglass pipe provider will enhance the scale and scope of the solutions we offer to our oil & gas customers worldwide. Ameron’s marine and offshore products will expand NOV’s offering into seawater handling systems in new oil & gas drilling and FPSO vessels, and our combined oilfield composite pipe operations will benefit from purchasing efficiencies and scale. This combination will position NOV well to help our clients solve various production challenges. The Water Transmission Group and the Infrastructure Products Group also allow NOV to capitalize on leading positions in these industries."

    Pete Miller continued, "Jim Marlen and I have discussed the possibility of this combination in the past and are fortunate that the right circumstances and timing have allowed us to reach an agreement. All of us at NOV are extremely excited about this transaction and look forward to welcoming a great group of employees into the family." NOV expects this transaction to be accretive to 2012 earnings.

    Statements made in this press release that are forward-looking in nature are intended to be "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements relate to a variety of matters, including but not limited to: the timing and anticipated completion of the proposed transaction and other statements that are not purely statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements are made on the basis of the current beliefs, expectations and assumptions of the management of Ameron and NOV and are subject to significant risks and uncertainty. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. All such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and, except as required by law, neither Ameron nor NOV undertakes any obligation to update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

    Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained herein include but are not limited to: any operational or cultural difficulties associated with the integration of the businesses of Ameron and NOV; potential adverse reactions or changes to business relationships resulting from the announcement or completion of the proposed transaction; unexpected costs, charges or expenses resulting from the proposed transaction; litigation or adverse judgments relating to the proposed transaction; risks relating to the consummation of the contemplated transaction, including the risk that the required stockholder approval might not be obtained in a timely manner or at all or that other closing conditions will not be satisfied; the failure to realize synergies and cost savings from the transaction or delay in realization thereof; any difficulties associated with requests or directions from governmental authorities resulting from their reviews of the transaction; and any changes in general economic and/or industry-specific conditions. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements are set forth in the documents filed respectively by Ameron and NOV with the Securities and Exchange Commission ( the "SEC" ), including Ameron’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2010 and its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended February 27, 2011, and NOV’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, which identify significant risk factors which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements.

    In connection with the proposed transaction, Ameron intends to file a proxy statement and other relevant documents concerning the transaction with the SEC Ameron stockholders are urged to read the proxy statement and any other relevant documents filed with the SEC when they become available because they will contain important information about the transaction. The proxy statement and other documents incorporated by reference in the proxy statement will be available free of charge at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or by directing a request to Ameron International Corporation, 245 South Los Robles Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101 Attention: Secretary.

    Ameron and its directors and officers may be deemed participants in the solicitation of proxies in connection with the proposed transaction. Information about the directors and executive officers of Ameron is set forth in Ameron’s most recent definitive proxy statement, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2011. Certain directors and executive officers of Ameron may have direct or indirect interests in the proposed transaction that may be different from those of Ameron’s stockholders generally. Investors may obtain additional information regarding such interests by reading the proxy statement and other relevant documents that Ameron will file with the SEC when they become available.

    Ameron’s exclusive financial advisor on the transaction is Bank of America Merrill Lynch; its lead legal advisors are Gibson Dunn and Crutcher.

  • The World’s Longest Project: Natural Gas Transmission from West to East China, the Second Trunk Line

    On June 30th, the eastern section 2nd trunk line of Natural Gas Transmission from West to East China went into operation, marking the completion of the project. The 4,978km-long trunk line is China’s first pipeline to transport natural gas from abroad. At 9:05 a.m., the Vice President of CNPC, Mr. Liao Yongyuan commanded the start of the trunk line at Guangzhou station, and then opened the valve together with Li Chunhong, deputy secretary-general of People’s Government of Guangdong Province. The ignition of the torch indicated the arrival of natural gas from Turkmenistan to Guangzhou.

    The World\s Longest Project: Natural Gas Transmission from West to East China, The Second Trunk Line

    The 2nd west-east gas pipeline is a single energy project that draws the heaviest investment in the history of the country, and also boasts the longest distance, the highest transporting pressure and steel grade, and the heaviest workload in the world. The pipeline is a key energy infrastructure construction project and an important project for people’s well-being in the country’s 11th Five-Year Plan. With a total investment of 142.2 billion CNY, the project includes one trunk line and eight branches which travel 8,704 kilometers through 15 provinces and regions from Xinjiang’s Horgos to Shanghai in eastern China, and to the south reaches at Guangzhou and Hong Kong. The pipeline is designed to deliver 30 billion cubic meters of gas per annum, for 30 years.

    Operation of the 2nd west-east gas pipeline will help raise the proportion of natural gas in China’s primary energy consumption by 1-2%, cutting the use of 76.8 million tons of standard coal, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 130 million tons, sulfur dioxide by 1.44 million tons and dust by 660,000 tons per year. The project also helps to promote the development of dozens of related industries including mechanical, electronics and metallurgical, which draw direct investment of over 300 billion CNY. In addition, the X80 steel line products used for the project, was domestically developed and manufactured, promoting China’s pipeline construction to world’s leading position.

    Passing through snowy mountains, deserts, swamps, as well as more than 60 hills and 190 rivers, the pipeline project underwent extremely arduous construction conditions of various geologies and landscapes. By adopting the advanced project group management mode and utilizing various construction resources on a global scale, CNPC managed to complete construction of the trunk line ahead of schedule. With 50 thousand people working for the project, primary welding qualification rate reaching 98.48%, and 11 billion CNY being saved for the procurement costs by centralized purchasing, we have worked numerous miracles in the world’s pipeline construction history. During construction engineering, we paid great attention to environmental protection and land saving, and were granted the title of "Soil and Water Conservation Demonstration Project" by the nation’s Ministry of Water Resources.