KOSUN

作者： Kosun_com

  • Deep Study in Development Trend of Bettering Solids Control Efficiency

    READ: It is well known both at home and abroad that perfect solids control equipment indicate scientific and sustainable drilling operations. Via continuous reformation and improvement within the latest decade, drilling fluids solids control equipment can now raise the drilling technical standards, reduce circulating system maintenance workload, quicken the drilling speed and lower the operational costs with remarkable efficiency.

    It is well known both at home and abroad that perfect solids control equipment indicate scientific and sustainable drilling operations. Via continuous reformation and improvement within the latest decade, drilling fluids solids control equipment can now raise the drilling technical standards, reduce circulating system maintenance workload, quicken the drilling speed and lower the operational costs with remarkable efficiency.

    Prior to 1970s, merely a very simple shale shaker was widely put into application in oil drilling industry, but its separation size was just 400 mm in the best-case scenario and the solid particles had to return to circulating system afterwards. Later on, it was succeeded by ultra-fine mesh shale shaker, cyclone desander, desilter, drilling fluids decanter centrifuge, vaccum degasser, mud agitator, mud mixing devices and relevant mud tanks, electric operation cabinet, etc., which aggregately weigh more than five tons and whose total electricity consumption count 300kW. They could keep the solid content under 5% and adjust the low-density property of drilling fluids based on the requirements.

     

     

    It is no doubt that their appearance has brought about huge transformation in oil drilling industry, however, meanwhile, it also resulted in surge of maintenance, keep-up, operation workload and energy consumption. Therefore, it has very much concerned the professionals at home and abroad how we should simplify the equipment, decrease energy consumption and improve the reliability with no or least reduction of solids control system property.

    According to the current developmental requirements, it has become a trend to simplify the equipment, decrease energy consumption and improve the reliability, for which we have envisaged to achieve by two phases. In the long run, it is a very risky and adventurous mission to study practicality one-phase method. Nevertheless, things usually develop from junior to senior, from simpler to more complex forms. It is the same to solids control equipment. Research in solids control technology will be primarily oriented to develop the system with better efficieny and lower expenses. In the short term, it will take it as a priority to develop multi-shaker system with over-capacity, high reliablity and good separation effects, to minimize desilter start-up time and even to exclude desilter from the whole system. Guided by the goal, KOSUN will make continuing contributions by production of more equipment in the foreseeable future.

     

  • Efficiency Analysis on Solids Control Equipment Removing Harmful Solid Phase

    READ: It is necessary to carry out regular efficiency analysis of solids control system in drilling site in orde to improve drilling fluids properties and better manage the cost. Generally speaking, the aggregate drilling fluids consumption in a well counts 10 to 20 times the volume of a borehole.

    It is necessary to carry out regular efficiency analysis of solids control system in drilling site in orde to improve drilling fluids properties and better manage the cost. Generally speaking, the aggregate drilling fluids consumption in a well counts 10 to 20 times the volume of a borehole. That means 90% of the expenses are poured into volume and property maintenance of the additionally concocted 90% drilling fluids. However, it can give birth to remarkable economic benefits if solids control equipment is promptly adjusted to remove more “harmful solid phase”.

    The efficiency analyses conducted on different equipment show that, theoretically speaking, all of them should have been taken away, but in fact only 80-85% or even lower amount of them have been removed and 90% would have been the best. It is also shown that, by a deeper study into separation capability of various solids control equipment and size distribution in such useful solid phase as barite and harmful solid phase(low-density particles), desander and desilter are not ideal choices to treat barite-weighted drilling fluids, but the decanter centrifuge can decrease the low solid phase gradually accumulated in any type of drilling fluids.

    “Communique on Drilling Fluids Treatment Equipment” well elaborates the standard application methods and analysis approaches of various solids control equipment, for example. drilling fluids shale shaker ought to be analyzed in terms of its solids removal rate, cuttings removal rate and drilling fluids loss ratio; desander, desilter and drilling fluids decanter centrifuge ought to be analyzed in terms of solids removal percentage, low-density solid phase discharge velocity and barite discharge speed; the decanter centrifuge also need to be calculated on its barite recovery percentage, etc.

    Besides, another formula can also work on the calculation of solids control efficiency, such as, if the figures like, dilution volume per unit time, the formation volume and the max. cuttings content got from solid phase analysis are given, we can have the efficiency rate of solids control equipment.

     

  • Hazards of Solid Waste

    READ: In terms of sources, solid waste can be generally classified into such three groups as domestic waste, common industrial waste and dangerous waste. Apart from these, there are also some other solid waste, for example, agricultural solid waste, building waste and deserted soil.

    In terms of sources, solid waste can be generally classified into such three groups as domestic waste, common industrial waste and dangerous waste. Apart from these, there are also some other solid waste, for example, agricultural solid waste, building waste and deserted soil. Mountains of solid waste has exposed the whole natural environment to great hazards. However, what are the hazards brought to the overall human society ?

    Hazards on natural environment

    Usually solid waste are directly discharged into every corner of the nature, so it has exerted huge negative influence on it which human subsist on.

    Air hazards. Solid waste emits large volumes of harmful substances and volatilizes a multitude of poisonous gases, thus decreaseing air quality. Immense tiny particles and powder float along wind in atmosphere and cause contamination. Buried organic solid waste decompose into carbon dioxide and methane which travels to atmosphere and exert pressure on air quality.

    Soil hazards. The solid wastes discharged have crammed many acres of land. Buried underground, they emit harmful substances that penetrate into the soil. The soil attaches and accumulates the harmful components among soil solid phase. Consequently, they change the soil structure and components, endanger the vegetation and even infertilize the soil.

    Water hazards. Harmful substances such as waste discharged directly into rivers and oceans, stored in the open air and tiny particles floating in the air can enter into the surface water ecosystem and dissolve into harmful substance that poisons the organisms, leading to severe oxygen shortage in water, eutrophication, fish deaths and so on.

    Hazards on human society

    Hazards on human fitness. Solid waste has brought about serious pollution to natural environment and a series of hazards on air, soil and water, which however human closely depend upon. It has exposed human to hazards when harmful elements in the air are inhaled into human body. Those penetrating into soil are taken into human stomach via vegetation. Water is indispensable to human life since human intakes water on a daily basis. Accordingly, all the substances have the access into human body in a very obsure way and generated huge hazards on human fitness. Recently, the increased cancer rates also intimately correlate to the fact.

    Hazards on social environment. Discharged solid waste contributes to the chaotic phenomenon of stacked gabbage in city. It even happened that city image was seriously affected when all kinds of gabbage plastics were blown all over in the air by gust wind. Besides, the harmful substances floating in the air greatly decrease the city air quality. Everytime after you come back from an outing, you will find yourself overally covered with dust, upsetting your original good mood. Therefore, it is imperative to improve on city environment.

     

    Key words:

    KOSUN: Established in 1992 and headquartered in Xi’an, China, Xi’an KOSUN Machinery Co., Ltd. (KOSUN) is among the first group of manufacturers of oil drilling high-frequence shale shakers, is a specialized centrifuge producer, the pioneer in the field of solids control in China, as well as an expert in drilling waste treatment. Its business scope mainly covers China mainland, Commonwealth of Independent States, North Africa and U.S.A..

    Solids control equipment: Its performance and quality play an important role in solids control technology. Drilling solids control system mainly contains such three parts as drilling fluids circulating tank, drilling fluids purification equipment and electric control equipment, among which the drilling fluids purification equipment includes shale shaker, desander, desilter, degasser, centrifuge, centrifugal pump, agitator, mixer, etc. Cuttings recovery and waste fluids treatment equipment can also be coupled for the environmental sensitive areas.

     

  • An Environmental Crisis Triggered by Oil Exploitation

    On March 26th, 2013, the Guardian presented a news report attracting the global spotlight that the Peruvian government located in Amazon Forest suddenly declared the environmental state of emergency in a part of its northern Amazon Rainforest because the oil exploitation of Pluspetrol, an Argentine oil company, resulted in excessive pollution to local land by lead, chrome, barium and oil-related compounds.

    The declaration arose from the discovery of Peruvian Ministry of Environment through testing in February and March that lands in different regions of Pastaza Valley contain excessive pollutants related to oil exploitation, such as lead, chrome, barium, etc. In the process of oil exploitation, the drilling waste is a kind of mixture composed by drilling sewage, drilling fluids ( drilling mud ), drilling cuttings and dirty oil, which is a sort of rather stable colloidal suspension containing clay, weighting materials, various chemical agents, sewerage, dirty oil, cuttings, etc. Main environmentally hazardous chemical compositions include hydrocarbons, salts, a variety of polymers and heavy-metal ions, as well as sundries and asphalt in barite, which feature high chroma, high oil, high COD, high suspension, high salinity, etc. and play the part of primary pollution sources generated in the oil exploration and exploitation. Where there is a completed well, there is an abandoned mud pit. If there are thousands of wells at an oil or gas field, there are thousands of abandoned mud pits. Each mud pit has a capacity of drilling waste up to hundreds or thousands of cubic meters. Once the waste stacked or buried at well sites is soaked in rainwater or is eroded by the river, the soluble inorganic salts, heavy metals and organic hydrocarbons ( oils ) contained in the waste will bring grave environmental risks to surrounding soil, water source, farmland and air.

    Bordering on Peru and Ecuador, the Pastaza River Basin has been always serving as the homeland of Achuar and Kichwa, Peruvian aboriginal tribes. For decades, the natives have complained about the pollution, but the government failed to solve the issue. A Peruvian official said that the State had no necessary environmental quality standards over the years.

    In order to fill in the system gap, a new law enacted by Peru on March 25, 2013 specified the acceptable standards of soil pollutants for the first time, which was deemed as a crucial progress. By the law, Peruvian Ministry of Environment demanded Pluspetrol to clean up the polluted areas within 90 days so as to reduce pollution risks to the local residents.

    As the largest oil and gas producer in Peru, Pluspetrol took over the Peru Oilfield from Occidental Petroleum in 2001 and neither side cleaned up the pollution then. In recent years, Pluspetrol has been fined millions of dollars, including 11 million dollars ( approximately equivalent to 68.32 million CNY ) fined for its failure to clean up the oil spill in the largest national park of Peru in January. Peruvian Ministry of Environment said that they would also perform environmental detections on other well sites of Pluspetrol.

    Environmental protection pains for the moment and gains for the millennia. Nowadays, many countries legislate against the worsening global environment and expect to protect the environment by law. As a high-pollution industry, the oil exploitation must seek out a new production pattern to balance environment protection and benefits.

    Based on the aforesaid market demands and combining the experience and practices in waste management at home and abroad, KOSUN launches an integrated waste management solution that starts with the source along the drilling waste generation process: use drilling fluids solids control equipment to purify mud and separate solids at the source, dewater the discharged waste to minimize its water content, conduct water treatment and recycling, utilize Hi-G shale shaker and vertical cuttings dryer for further dewatering and solid-liquid separation to minimize the waste discharge, and apply solidification, biodegradation, thermal desorption and cuttings reinjection to the discharged waste for a reasonable and effective treatment on the drilling waste.

  • KOSUN Creates A New International Market in North Africa

    After KOSUN won two sets of fully-configured 70D Solids Control System from GWDC, KOSUN signed another contract of 750 Workover Rig Solids Control Equipment with the national drilling contractor in Egypt. In doing so, KOSUN has further opened markets in North Africa, and also created a new international market pattern.

     

    KOSUN creates a new international market in North Africa

    The international drilling contractor from Egypt required full set of solids control equipment be delivered within one month on 12th June. After receiving notification, KOSUN made every effort to meet the delivery requirements with “Customer First” spirit. The marketing department coordinated and transferred cargo actively, production department worked overtime. It turned out that all the equipment was completed within 25 days.

    As for our export to Egypt, the customer required pre-shipment inspection and a series of tests and documentations be produced, the document department cooperated with the marketing department, they made great efforts to meet customer’s requirements, and eventually they won the high praise from customers.

    This drilling contractor customer purchased shale shaker, desander, desilter, degasser, centrifugal pump, agitator, mud gun and a full set of solids control equipment.

  • Desander and Desilter in Solids Control System

    As two indispensable equipment in the solids control system of oil & gas drilling, desander and desilter are responsible for separating the small solids in the drilling fluids that has been treated by the shale shaker and vacuum degasser. The desander takes care of the solids with diameter 45~74μm, and 15~44μm for desilter.

     

    Desander and desilter in solid control system

    Normally desander is mounted on the top of the first mud tank together with shale shakers and vacuum degassers, while desilter is mounted together with centrifuges. Sometimes to save the top area of the mud tank, desander and desilter are combined together to work as high efficient mud cleaner.

    Desander and desilter are consisted of hydrocyclones, high pressure flow pipes and a small shale shaer at the bottom. For desanders and desilters, only one vibration motor is used to drive the screen basket. while for high efficient it would need two motors. There would be equipped with two 10″ or 12″ iron hydrocyclones for desander just as the solids need to be separated is relatively big, and include some sands in the mud. While for desilter, it would be equiped 6 to 12 pcs 4″ hydrocyclones. which are made of wear-resisting plastic.

     

    Desander and desilter in solid control system

    Working Principle of the Hydrocyclones:

    For the work principle of hydrocyclones, it works like this. First the drilling fluids is sucked up to 0.25Mpa ~ 0.4Mpa by sand pump, and enters into the cones through the side inlet which is normally only 2-1/2″ in diameter. The fluids then flows spirally inside of the cone. Effected by the centrifugal force, the heavy solids in the fluids would be thrown towards the inner wall of the cones, go down to the bottem, and discharge through the sand discharge port, while the light fluids would go up and discharge through the upper oulet. The diameter of the bottom discharge port is adjustable, and with a cover of hydrocyclone.

    As a wear part of desander and desilter, the lifetime of hydrocyclones is not so long as other parts. So it is neccessary to check their working condition, and replace them with new ones. As a whole set of the hydrocyclone, clamps and flang are also replaced together with the hydrocyclones.

  • Environmental Crisis Generated by Oil Drilling

    On March 26, “The Guardian” put a global spotlight upon a coverage, which reported that Peru which is located in Amazon forests made a sudden declaration of the environmental state of emergency in a part of its northern Amazon forest. This was due to the oil drillings operated by Argentinian Company Pluspetrol that had created highly unacceptable levels of lead, cadmium, chrome and petroleum-related compounds contamination in soil.

    This declaration was made because the checks carried out by Peru’s Environment Ministry this February and March has found overly high levels of lead, cadmium, chrome and petroleum-related compounds in the soil at different points in Pastaza valley. The drilling waste produced in the process of oil drilling can be drilling sewage, drilling fluids, drilling cuttings and dirty oil compounds. It is a kind of stable colloidal suspension, consisted of clay, weighting materials, chemical agents, sewerage, dirty oil, cuttings, etc. as well as some other harmful chemical elements like, hydrocarbon, salt, polymers, heavy-metal ions, some particles in barite, asphalt and other modifiers. All the elements concerned have been the major contaminants in oil exploration since they own such properties as high chroma, high oil content, high COD, high suspension, high salinity and so on. Every finished well in oilfield may produce a waste slurry pond. However, one oilfield is comprised by tens of thousands well which may produce tens of thousand slurry ponds, including at least hundreds of cubic meters or at most thousands of cubic meters drilling waste. Since the waste contains soluble inorganic salt contaminants, heavy metal contaminants and organic hydrocarbon contaminants, that would be an ideal solution to simply pile it up or bury it in some pits. Rain immersion and river brush could easily make it harmful to its surrounding soil, water sources, farmlands and air.

    Achuar and Kichwa indigenous people have always been living in Pastaza River basin bordered between Peru and Ecuador. They have complained about the pollution all these decades which the successive governments failed to deal with. Officials indicate that for years the state lacked the required environmental quality standards.

    Peru issued a new law on March 25 in order to complete the standards, which for the first time set out the acceptable limits of soil contaminants and has been considered a key advance. Accordingly, Peru’s Environment Ministry gave Pluspetrol 90 days to clean up the affected areas and reduce the risk of pollution to the local residents.

    As the largest oil & natural gas producer, Pluspetrol took over from Occidental Petroleum and operated Peru Oilfield in 2001, but neither party has cleaned up the pollution. Several multimillion dollar fines have been levied against Pluspetrol in recent years, including the 1.1 million dollars (6,832,000 CNY) fined for failing to clean up the oil spill in the Peru’s largest national park. Peru’s Environment Ministry says that they will further the environmental checks in other Pluspetrol oilfields.

    To protect the environment will benefit both the contemporary and the future generations. Nowadays, many countries have passed legislations based on their own scenarios for the ever-worse global environment, hopefully resorting to laws would bring about good environmental behaviors. And meanwhile, oil exploration as a high-pollution industry must also seek a new production pattern to balance environmental protection and benefits.

    Accordingly, KOSUN launched a concerned solution by the integration of domestic and foreign waste management experience and methods as well as the consideration of drilling waste production process. It would reduce at the source, i.e. purify the drilling fluids and take away the solids at the source by application of solids control system. Then dewatering of discharged waste, water treatment, water recycling and purifications would work altogether to minimize water content in waste and recycle the water. Afterwards, Hi-G Dryer and Vertical Centrifuge would continue with dewatering and solid-liquid separation to minimize waste disposal. At last, the discharged waste would be reasonably and effectively treated by means of solidification, biodegradation, thermal desorption and cuttings re-injection.

     

  • China Solids Control Leader & Drilling Waste Expert-KOSUN Spots a Global Highlight at CIPPE 2013

    The 13th China International Petroleum & Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Exhibition ( CIPPE 2013 ) will be held in China International Exhibition Center ( New Venue ) in Beijing from March 19 to 21, 2013. As an annual world petroleum equipment exhibition, CIPPE has attracted enterprises from more than 60 countries and regions in the world and provided an excellent chance to show their technologies, products and experience for numerous petroleum equipment manufacturers and engineering service contractors at home and abroad in the oil and natural gas energy field, as well as their supporting cooperative enterprises over the years.

    Just on its 20th anniversary, KOSUN obtained a stand of 350㎡ and magnificently presented itself at CIPPE2013.

     

    China Solids Control Leader & Drilling Waste Expert - Xi’an KOSUN Magnificently Presents Itself

    Founded in 1992, KOSUN is one of the earliest manufacturers in solids control equipment and separating machines in China. Over 20-year steady development, KOSUN has gradually formed such four major categories as R&D and manufacturing of traditional solids control equipment, peripheral overall integrated techinical supports for drilling and workover rigs, engineering services for drilling and workover rigs, and drilling waste management & services. Its products and services have been extensively applied to oil and natural gas drilling, shale gas and coalbed methane drilling, trenchless crossing engineering, etc.

    By dint of sharing and integrating resources of international petroleum equipment manufacturers and engineering service providers, KOSUN forms a close strategic cooperation with foreign well-known drilling fluids engineering service providers and drilling waste management providers, jointly discusses and develops integrated services of drilling waste management, drilling fluids supply, drilling fluids additives, etc. and provides the most reliable products and the top quality services for oilfields all over the world.

    At the 13th China International Petroleum & Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Exhibition ( CIPPE2013 ), KOSUN is located at E2160 of East Hall 2.

    Welcome to our stand!

  • KOSUN Magnificently Presents Itself at CIPPE 2013

    KOSUN magnificently presented itself in CIPPE2013

     

    From March 19th to 21th, 2013, the 13th China International Petroleum & Petrochemical Technology and Equipment Exhibition ( CIPPE ) was held in Beijing, China. With an exhibition area of 90,000㎡, this exhibition attracted 1500 participating enterprises from 62 countries and regions around the world, which is the largest petroleum exhibition in Asia and is also an annual world petroleum equipment exhibition. KOSUN showed the most advanced drilling solids control equipment, R & D ideas and the optimal practical drilling waste management solutions to the participating guests.

     

    KOSUN magnificently presented itself in CIPPE2013

     

    At the exhibition, KOSUN possessed a stand of 350㎡ and was the largest exhibitor in the drilling solids control industry. Focusing on new ideas of the global drilling waste management, KOSUN showed such four units as mobile drilling waste management system, drilling waste control unit, TPS709 balanced elliptical motion shaker as well as drilling waste management centrifuge, and explained the high-efficiency drilling solids control system and intellectualized waste management application solutions to domestic& foreign experts in the industry.
     
    KOSUN magnificently presented itself in CIPPE2013
     
    This year, KOSUN received more than twice as many guests as it did last year. Both magnificent booth design and high-end equipment & technologies deeply impressed domestic and foreign experts and media in the industry. As a world-famous drilling solids control equipment manufacturer and waste management solutions provider, KOSUN will set foot in China, face the world, make contributions to environmental protection in the process of energy development and provide a package of drilling waste management solutions meeting the requirements of green environmental protection in the new era.
     

  • EIA: Cost of Crude Is up, Refinery Margins Are up, Average Price Is up

    "The annual average regular-grade gasoline retail price, which averaged $2.78 per gallon in 2010, will increase to $3.56 per gallon in 2011, and will average $3.54 per gallon in 2012", the Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) predicted in its latest Short-Term Energy Outlook.

    "The increase in retail prices in 2011 reflects not only the higher cost of crude oil but also changes in average U.S. refinery gasoline margin ( the difference between refinery wholesale gasoline prices and the average cost of crude oil ) from $0.34 per gallon in 2010, to $0.50 per gallon in 2011 and $0.43 per gallon in 2012," the EIA said.

    Proliferating diesel fuel retail prices, which averaged $2.99 per gallon in 2010, are expected to average $3.85 per gallon in 2011 and $3.87 per gallon in 2012, according to the Outlook, released on September 7. "Projected U.S. refinery diesel fuel margins increased from an average of $0.38 per gallon in 2010 to $0.65 per gallon in 2011, then fell to an average of $0.58 per gallon in 2012", according to the EIA forecast.

    EIA: Cost of Crude Is Up, Refinery Margins Are Up, Average Price Is Up

    Commercial crude oil inventory levels ended August 2011 at an estimated 359 million barrels, the same level as last year but 29 million barrels higher than the previous 5-year average for that month. Following the completion of the release of about 31 million barrels of crude oil from the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve ( SPR ), commercial crude oil stocks are expected to rise to 364 million barrels by the end of September 2011, 34 million barrels higher than the previous 5-year average. Commercial crude oil stocks are gradually drawn down to near their 5-year averages by the end of 2012.

    EIA expects refined product inventories to remain close to their 5-year averages despite the recent SPR release. Total motor gasoline stocks at the end of August 2011 were an estimated 208 million barrels, down 13 million barrels from last year but 2 million barrels above the previous 5-year average for that month. Distillate fuel oil stocks ended August 2011 at an estimated 157 million barrels, down 13 million barrels from the same time last year but 7 million barrels above the previous 5-year average.

    Projected total motor gasoline and distillate inventories average about 1 million barrels and 7 million barrels higher, respectively, than their previous 5-year averages at the end of 2011.

    The EIA said it lowered its economic growth assumptions substantially compared with last month’s Outlook. The latest forecast assumes that U.S. real gross domestic product ( GDP ) grows by 1.5 percent this year and 1.9 percent next year compared with 2.4 percent and 2.6 percent, respectively, in the previous Outlook. World oil-consumption-weighted real GDP grows by 3.1 percent and 3.8 percent in 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared with 3.4 percent and 4.1 percent in the last Outlook. With weaker economic growth and lower petroleum consumption growth, EIA expects the U.S. average refiner acquisition cost of crude oil to rise from an average of $100 per barrel in 2011 to $103 per barrel in 2012, compared with an increase to $107 per barrel in 2012 in last month’s Outlook.